一株高效异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及脱氮性能

从经驯化的污泥中筛选出一株异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌,编号为TN-05,通过形态学特征观察,生理生化特征试验和核酸序列分析鉴定其为门多萨假单胞菌（pseudomonasmendocina）。同时对其进行脱氮性能研究,结果表明,TN-05具有较好的异养硝化能力,菌株在培养至48h时对总氮和氨氮去除率均能达95％以上。通过反硝化能力验证实验发现,菌株对NO3-N和N0f—N也分别具有较好的去除效率。将菌株应用于人工合成废水中,发现对废水中氨氮优先利用并能在24h时使去除率接近100％,对硝态氮和亚硝态氮也具有一定的去除效率。因此,菌株TN-05是一株同时具备异养硝化和好氧反硝化能力的高效菌株。     

新型MnOx/CNTs催化剂低温选择性催化还原NO

采用等体积浸渍法制备了MnOx/CNTs催化剂,用于低温NH3选择性催化还原（SCR）NO的实验。使用BET,FT-IR,TEM和XRD对催化剂进行表征,结果表明：碳纳米管经混酸超声分散,增加了羧基活性基团,锰氧化物颗粒分布较均匀。在模拟烟气条件下,考察了催化剂的MnOx负载量、煅烧温度及质量和烟气流速比（W/F）对NO脱除率的影响。煅烧温度为773 K,MnOx负载量为10%时,NO脱除率达到98.56%;W/F为2-3 mg/（mL·min^-1）时NO的脱除率更高。     

PAM对制药污泥脱水性能改善及毒性削减

制药污泥的脱水处理及毒性削减是当前业界的研究热点。以污泥脱水性能(污泥比阻和泥饼含固率)和污泥综合急性毒性为评价指标,对2种不同型号PAM处理污泥的投加量进行优化,讨论了污泥絮凝脱水和毒性削减的机理。研究结果表明,处理100 mL原污泥,当制药污水厂现场使用的德国天使PAM和拓普戴克TOP8321型PAM投加量分别为4mg/L和12 mg/L时,污泥脱水性能达到最佳,此时污泥比阻从0.730×1012cm/g分别降低至0.126×1012cm/g和0.034×1012cm/g,泥饼含固率从16.32%分别提高至46.89%和34.98%;在毒性削减方面,2种混凝剂都可将污泥上清液毒性由微毒降至无毒,但对污泥毒性的削减效果不明显。对2种PAM的处理成本进行估算发现,污水厂现场使用的PAM对处理该制药污泥效果更佳,且费用相对较低,但要大幅度削减制药污泥的毒性需串联相应毒性削减技术和混凝沉淀单元。     

Electrochemical performance of magnesium alloy and its application on the sea water battery

The magnesium sea water battery belongs to a kind of reserved battery, which takes the active metal such as magnesium alloy as the anode based on the sea water as the electrolyte. Experiments of magnesium alloy sea water battery were carried out and its electrochemical performance was studied. Thin sheets of Mg-Al-Zn and Mg-Mn series of magnesium alloy were fabricated and used as the anode of magnesium battery. The discharging voltage and current were measured for different composition and thickness of Mg alloy sheet under various surface state, temperature as well as electrolyte. The effect of the temperature, the surface condition and the electrolyte to the electrical current and voltage were investigated. Anodic dissolution and mechanism of activation of Mg alloy anode were discussed based on surface microstructure observation. The feasibility to apply magnesium alloy sheet to highly effective sea water battery was verified.     

某船用唇形密封失效因素试验及仿真模拟研究

目的 针对船用唇形密封使用过程中的唇口破坏问题,研究唇形密封失效影响因素及唇形密封应力、位移、接触压力分布特性。方法 模拟实船齿轮箱输入结构搭建试验台,进行密封失效因素分析,并利用有限元分析软件建立旋转唇形密封的二维轴对称模型,分析过盈量及橡胶本体材料参数对唇形密封应力、位移、唇尖接触压力分布的影响。结果 除密封材料及密封接触应力因素不确定外,其他所列因素几乎均未发生泄漏,因此进一步对不同材料及接触特性进行有限元分析。研究表明,3种材料中,2号材料的Von Mises应力值最大,且不管何种材料,随着过盈量增加,唇尖应力沿着参考线先增大后、逐渐减小、再增大,并呈现非对称分布,过盈量超过0.4 mm时,唇形密封的最大应力出现在骨架与橡胶本体接触圆角处。随着过盈量的增加,3种材料唇尖最大接触压力的变化趋势不同,最大Von Mises 接触应力逐渐增大,且过盈量在0.6 mm之后增速较快,唇尖接触线位置接触压力先减小、后逐渐增大,拐点在接触线位置0.25~0.3 mm处。结论 油温、油压、安装方式、偏心量、转速对于唇形密封失效的影响较小。材料属性与过盈量都会引起唇形密封Von Mises应力及唇尖接触压力发生较大变化,只是影响应力峰值大小不同,材料属性对于唇形密封本体位移的影响较小,过盈量会引起位移较大变化,且会引起最大应力位置变化,同时接触线接触应力与接触压力大小没有相关性。对于唇形密封安装来说,在过盈量为0.8 mm左右时较为合理。     

GIS发展对岩土工程的影响

GIS的发展与测绘科学的发展水平以及其他行业对GIS的需求息息相关,GIS在岩土工程中的应用提高了岩土工程解决实际问题的能力,推动了岩土工程信息化.本文介绍了我国地理信息系统在各个发展阶段的特点,讨论了各发展阶段地理信息系统在岩土工程中的应用及其影响,展望了岩土工程信息化的前景,提出了只有加强岩土工程本身的知识研究并积极运用GIS发展的成果才能更好的促进岩土工程信息化.     

沼液中悬浮物对乙醇发酵的影响及其絮凝处理的研究

乙醇-沼气双发酵耦联工艺的应用有望实现乙醇工业工艺废水"零排放"的目标.本研究对该耦联工艺的回用配料水——中温沼液中的悬浮物对乙醇发酵的影响进行了考察,并对其去除方法进行了确定.结果表明,沼液中悬浮物的存在会促进酵母细胞的繁殖,提高发酵速率,但副产物甘油及小分子有机酸的量大幅上升,而主产物乙醇的生成量减少,悬浮物对乙醇合成的临界抑制浓度为0.35 g·L-1(干重).采用不同的絮凝剂及絮凝方式对沼液中的悬浮物进行去除,发现絮凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC,300 mg·L-1)与阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM,2 mg·L-1)协同处理时效果最佳,对沼液浊度、色度的去除率分别为92.4%、23.7%,所得上清液的悬浮物粒径小于2μm,PAC、CPAM的残留量分别为0.82、0.03mg·L-1.絮凝处理后消除了悬浮物对乙醇合成的抑制作用,且絮凝处理后沼液回用的发酵性能略优于离心所得沼液回用的发酵水平,达到了预期的目的.     

丹江口水库典型库湾及支流沉积物重金属污染分析及生态风险评价

对丹江口水库上游汉江支流及库湾沉积物中6种重金属元素的污染特征进行分析,采用效应阈值标准(NYSDEC)和Lars Hkanson潜在生态风险指数评价重金属的污染程度和环境风险。研究表明,库湾沉积物与支流沉积物中Ni、Pb含量较为接近;库湾沉积物中Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn含量分别高达186、2712、9991、4783 mg/kg,均超过支流沉积物中相应重金属含量2倍以上。各采样点表层（0~10 cm）沉积物中Pb含量均低于LEL值（最低效应阈值）,Cd、Ni含量均介于LEL值和SEL值（最高效应阈值）之间,而Cr、Cu、Zn含量均有超过SEL值的现象发生。考察沉积物重金属的富集程度发现各采样点表层沉积物中Ni和Pb均未发生富集,而Cd、Cr、Cu和Zn均存在不同程度的富集,其平均富集系数分别为712、180、163和284。根据重金属含量的相关性可知Ni和Pb主要来自于天然地球化学来源,而Cd、Cr、Cu和Zn则主要受人为源影响。以丹江口库区土壤（黄棕壤）中重金属背景值为参比,发现表层沉积物总体处于高生态风险,且以Cd生态风险为主;参与评价的5种重金属潜在生态风险程度顺序为Cd＞Cu＞Cr＞Zn＞Pb     

Corrigendum to “Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against human aryl hydrocarbon receptor” [J. Environ. Sci. 39 (2016) 165–174]

正~~     

Investigation on the eco-toxicity of lake sediments with the addition of drinking water treatment residuals

Drinking water treatment residuals(WTRs) have a potential to realize eutrophication control objectives by reducing the internal phosphorus(P) load of lake sediments. Information regarding the ecological risk of dewatered WTR reuse in aquatic environments is generally lacking, however. In this study, we analyzed the eco-toxicity of leachates from sediments with or without dewatered WTRs toward algae Chlorella vulgaris via algal growth inhibition testing with algal cell density, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde content, antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase activity, and subcellular structure indices. The results suggested that leachates from sediments unanimously inhibited algal growth, with or without the addition of different WTR doses(10% or 50% of the sediment in dry weight) at different p H values(8–9), as well as from sediments treated for different durations(10 or 180 days). The inhibition was primarily the result of P deficiency in the leachates owing to WTR P adsorption, however, our results suggest that the dewatered WTRs were considered as a favorable potential material for internal P loading control in lake restoration projects, as it shows acceptably low risk toward aquatic plants.