Positively charged microporous ceramic membrane for the removal of Titan Yellow through electrostatic adsorption

To develop a depth filter based on the electrostatic adsorption principle, positively charged microporous ceramic membrane was prepared from a diatomaceous earth ceramic membrane.The internal surface of the highly porous ceramic membrane was coated with uniformly distributed electropositive nano-Y_2O_3 coating. The dye removal performance was evaluated through pressurized filtration tests using Titan Yellow aqueous solution. It showed that positively charged microporous ceramic membrane exhibited a flow rate of 421 L/(m~2·hr) under the trans-membrane pressure of 0.03 bar. Moreover it could effectively remove Titan Yellow with feed concentration of 10 mg/L between pH 3 to 8. The removal rate increased with the enhancement of the surface charge properties with a maximum rejection of 99.6%. This study provides a new and feasible method of removing organic dyes in wastewater. It is convinced that there will be a broad market for the application of charged ceramic membrane in the field of dye removal or recovery from industry wastewater.     

Influences and mechanisms of nanoparticles on pentachloronitrobenzene accumulation by earthworms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pesticides and nanoparticles may coexist in soil; however, influences of nanoparticles on accumulation of pesticides in terrestrial organisms are...     

税收竞争对环境污染的影响及传导机制分析

在中国经济高增长的背后,环境污染问题愈发凸显,不利于经济的可持续增长。税收竞争是影响环境污染的主要因素之一,但是学术界研究税收竞争对环境污染的影响及其作用机制的较少。本文按照污染物属性将其划分为外溢性污染物和非外溢性污染物,通过构建一个包含生产者、消费者、地方政府及中央政府的一般均衡模型,刻画了在税收竞争的背景下,地方政府的税收征管效率对不同属性污染物的影响及其传导机制。结果发现当污染物具有外溢性属性时,税收征管效率对该地环境污染的影响通过改变本地及周边地区资本存量渠道实现;当污染物具有非外溢性属性时,降低税收征管效率通过增加该地区资本存量而提高了环境污染。文章首先使用随机前沿模型测算了2007—2014年中国28个省份企业所得税的税收征管效率,并将其作为税收竞争的衡量指标,然后运用系统GMM法证实了所提的假说。研究显示:地方政府的税收竞争增加了本地区的资本存量;税收竞争是将本地资本存量作为其推高外溢性污染物(二氧化硫)及非外溢性污染物(固体废弃物)排放量的一个主要渠道,邻近地区资本存量则是推高外溢性污染物(二氧化硫)的次要渠道。这意味着,要想改善环境质量,中央政府应规范地方政府的税收竞争行为,尽快建立一套科学、有效的绿色GDP评价体系;完善地方转移支付制度;应针对各个地区的污染及经济发展情况利用财政激励手段引入环保、绿色的资本项目;地方政府应减少不利于环境改善的地方财政支出,增加环保投入比重。     

Investigation of declared seating preference and measured cognitive performance in a sunlit room

Current daylighting standards are not sufficient to guarantee a high-quality daylighting experience as they fail to take the behavior of building occupants into consideration. The way that a daylit room is appreciated and used has not been fully explored, especially under sunlighting conditions. This research is the first of its kind to assess how the distance between a subject and a sun patch on the floor is related to a broad range of behavioral responses, including conclusive preference and measured cognitive performance. One hundred subjects participated in a controlled experiment in a work setting. Investigations of the declared preferences of seating area and subjects' cognitive performances indicated that people are not always aware of the environmental factors that influence their behavior. Subjects were generally attracted to sunlight and outdoor views, but they did not necessarily perform best in these preferred areas. Privacy and a sense of control were two hidden factors that greatly affected subjects' decisions and performances. Current daylighting literature and design practice do not pay adequate attention to such factors as sense of visual control or privacy in the design of rooms. On the other hand, the perceived problem of visual glare caused by sunlight penetration did not affect performance as much as subjects believed it would. An additional result suggested that individual behaviors were more affected by environmental elements than were group activities.     

高浓度超稠油乳化段废水前处理工艺研究

以高浓度超稠油乳化段废水为研究对象,对其基本性质及前处理工艺进行了系统研究.试验结果表明,超稠油废水前处理的技术关键在于:①采取合适的隔油沉降工艺参数,有效分离污水中的原油和渣泥;②采用适当的絮凝工艺,保证气浮出水水质,最大限度降低前处理出水的矿物油、渣泥和COD.为此提出了低负荷隔油沉降,高负荷组合气浮前处理工艺.通过延长隔油池的水力停留时间,可回收污水中80%的原油;两级气浮组合,污染物的去除率可达到:矿物油99%,渣泥98%,COD 86%.日处理量800 t污水处理厂采用该工艺方案和参数进行设计,系统运行稳定可靠.      

运用层次分析法优选城市垃圾填埋场地

随着城市的不断扩展和城市人口的快速增长,城市垃圾与日俱增.我国目前基本上采用卫生填埋来处理这些城市垃圾.由于填埋场地垃圾渗滤液以及雨水径流对其淋溶和冲刷作用都会对地下水和地表水造成污染,同时也会对周围环境产生许多潜在影响.因此,在垃圾填埋场地建造之前,必须经过科学的场地选择.笔者以密云县城为例,运用层次分析法对城市垃圾填埋场地进行优化选择,从而为垃圾填埋场地的确定提供科学的决策依据.      

固化法处理含油污泥的室内研究

以水泥作为固化剂对中原油田文一污的含油污泥进行了固化处理,测定了固化后产物的抗压强度和浸出液的COD、含油量及有毒元素的含量。结果表明:当固化块中水泥与污泥的质量比为2.0∶1.0时,抗压强度可以达到16MPa,当添加适量的外加剂后,固化块的强度可以达到20MPa以上。当水泥与污泥的重量比大于1.0,在50℃、12h后,其浸出液的COD均低于150mg/L。水泥/污泥比值在1.0∶1.0~1.8∶1.0范围内,在25℃、120h后,所做固化块浸出液的污油浓度低于5mg/L,毒性化合物含量符合GB5085.3-1996的要求。     

FDA-PI双色荧光法检测蓝藻细胞活性的研究

对FDA-PI双色荧光法检测水华鱼腥藻和铜绿微囊藻的活性进行了研究,用荧光显微镜对染色结果进行测定.结果表明,在蓝色光激发下(495nm),活细胞被双醋酸荧光素FDA染成亮绿色,死亡细胞被碘化丙锭PI染成红色.染色效率与原植体类型和细胞密度有关.对细胞密度为6×107—7×109个·l-1的铜绿微囊藻,FDA染色效率可达94%以上.对细胞密度为4×107—5×108个·l-1的水华鱼腥藻,FDA染色效率可达91%以上,但细胞密度增大到5×109个·l-1时,由于藻丝体易卷曲在一起,FDA染色率下降到67%.对死亡细胞,PI染色率基本都可达到100%.因此,用FDA-PI检测活细胞和死亡细胞混合的细胞悬液,可根据细胞所发出的不同荧光而判断细胞活性.