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61.
62.
Rachel Allibone Shane J. Cronin Douglas T. Charley Vince E. Neall Robert B. Stewart Clive Oppenheimer 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(2):155-170
Ambrym in Vanuatu is a persistently degassing island volcano whose inhabitants harvest rainwater for their potable water needs.
The findings from this study indicate that dental fluorosis is prevalent in the population due to fluoride contamination of
rainwater by the volcanic plume. A dental survey was undertaken of 835 children aged 6–18 years using the Dean’s Index of
Fluorosis. Prevalence of dental fluorosis was found to be 96% in the target area of West Ambrym, 71% in North Ambrym, and
61% in Southeast Ambrym. This spatial distribution appears to reflect the prevailing winds and rainfall patterns on the island.
Severe cases were predominantly in West Ambrym, the most arid part of the island, and the most commonly affected by the volcanic
plume. Over 50 km downwind, on a portion of Malakula Island, the dental fluorosis prevalence was 85%, with 36% prevalence
on Tongoa Island, an area rarely affected by volcanic emissions. Drinking water samples from West Ambrym contained fluoride
levels from 0.7 to 9.5 ppm F (average 4.2 ppm F, n = 158) with 99% exceeding the recommended concentration of 1.0 ppm F. The pathway of fluoride-enriched rainwater impacting
upon human health as identified in this study has not previously been recognised in the aetiology of fluorosis. This is an
important consideration for populations in the vicinity of degassing volcanoes, particularly where rainwater comprises the
primary potable water supply for humans or animals. 相似文献
63.
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65.
Conflict on the Coast: Using Geographic Information Systems to Map Potential Environmental Disputes in Matagorda Bay,Texas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Brody SD Highfield W Arlikatti S Bierling DH Ismailova RM Lee L Butzler R 《Environmental management》2004,34(1):11-25
The sustainable management of coastal natural resources inevitably involves identifying stakeholder conflicts and developing planning processes that prevent these conflicts from becoming intractable disputes. This study links environmental conflict to specific areas within a large ecological system. Specifically, we use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map potentially competing stakeholder values associated with establishing protected areas in Matagorda Bay, Texas. By overlaying multiple values associated with a range of stakeholders across space, we are able to identify hotspots of potential conflict as well as areas of opportunity for maximizing joint gains. Mapping stakeholder conflict is an approach to proactively locate potential controversy in response to a specific environmental management proposal and guide decision makers in crafting planning processes that mitigate the possibility of intractable disputes and facilitate the implementation of sustainable coastal policies. Results indicate that under different management scenarios, protected area proposals will generate more conflict in specific areas. Most notably, regulated uses would produce the greatest degree of conflict on or near shore, particularly at the mouth of the Colorado River. Additionally, of all the management scenarios evaluated, the prohibition of coastal structural development would generate the overall highest level of conflict within the Bay. Based on the results, we discuss the policy implications for environmental managers and provide guidance for future research on location-based conflict management within the coastal margin. 相似文献
66.
Regionally specific sustainability processes that account for diverse environments and populations and that integrate social, economic, political and ecological spheres are being developed in Western Australia. A coordinated commitment to sustainability principles and a participatory philosophy by the state and local governments is necessary. This requires a transformation of the public service, from a director of passive programmes and laws to a facilitator of community projects and outcomes, towards an enabling state. An international participatory paradigm provides an array of concepts and methods for local and regional communities in partnership with government and industry to achieve this. Participatory methodologies are utilised successfully around the globe to create an institutional framework that facilitates a process of dialogue, partnership, networking, learning and managing change. This paper examines the potential contribution of a participatory approach to improve the participatory capacity of regional communities and both local and state governments towards the facilitation of regional sustainability processes. 相似文献
67.
California and other regions in the United States are becoming more populated and ethnically diverse, and thus, ecological
impacts on the wildland–urban interface are a significant policy concern. In a socioeconomic assessment focused on the geographic
regions surrounding four national forests in southern California, population projections are being formulated to assist in
the update of forest plans. In southern California, the projected trend of explosive population growth combined with increased
ethnic and racial diversity indicates four challenges for environmental management. First, patterns of recreation use on wildlands
are likely to change, and management of these areas will have to address new needs. Second, as land-management agencies face
changing constituencies, new methods of soliciting public involvement from ethnic and racial groups will be necessary. Third,
growth in the region is likely to encroach upon wildland areas, affecting water, air, open space, and endangered species.
Fourth, in order to address all these concerns in a climate of declining budgets, resource management agencies need to strengthen
collaborative relationships with other agencies in the region. How environmental managers approach these changes has widespread
implications for the ecological sustainability of forests in southern California. 相似文献
68.
J. F. Benson Simon Slater K. G. Willis Maggie Roe 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1994,37(3):369-376
Environmental Economics
R. K. Turner, D. W. Pearce & I. Bateman
London, Harvester Wheatsheaf 1994, 328 pp., £10.95 pb.
Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, Nature, and the Sustainable Landscape
Robert L. Thayer Jr
New York, Wiley, 1994, 332 pp., £32.95 hb 相似文献
69.
Edmund Green Rachel Donnelly 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2003,32(2):140-144
引言 建立海洋保护区的好处[1]是众所周知的,特别是对于珊瑚礁来说.通过理论上完全禁止在选定海域内进行任何形式的捕鱼活动,由此对捕鱼压力的降低一般可以保持以往目标鱼类[2~4]种群的数量和多样性,导致原来从渔场中消失的物种重新出现[5],而且大大提高大型掠食性鱼类的数量[6]. 相似文献
70.
D. Slater 《Resources Policy》1979,5(3):231-232
The most recent expression of anxiety about the adequacy of mineral resources, and the vulnerability of importing countries to shortages caused by events beyond their control, is the organization of three conferences on the subject in London by leading professional institutions during 1979–1980. The first of these, sponsored by The Metals Society, was organized in three sections. These were devoted to general aspects, individual metals and future utilization of metals as influenced by design factors. Future Metals Strategy, Europa Hotel, London, 10–11 May 1979. 相似文献