火力发电厂煤粉锅炉炉膛爆炸原因解析

文章论述火力发电厂锅炉炉膛爆炸产生的原因,并采用事故树分析方法对锅炉炉膛爆炸原因做定性分析,采用布尔代数运算法则确定各基本事件引起炉膛爆炸事故的排列顺序.     

核电营运安全文化主体考

提出并论述了核电营运单位是核电安全文化的主体 ,核电营运单位是核电安全的全面的法定负责者 ;阐明了核电营运安全文化的特性 ;介绍了核电安全文化的考核 ,重点说明了以WANO关于核电厂综合性能指标量化的考核。     

氧化铝皮带廊粉尘浓度超标原因及对策

分析了山西铝厂氧化铝皮带廓技术改造以后粉尘浓度超标的原因，提出了降低粉尘浓度的对策。     

煤层注水中水分蒸发现象的研究

对煤层注水的水分蒸发现象进行了研究 ;提出了注入水分蒸发的力学平衡公式 ;研究了影响水分蒸发的各项因素。在此基础上 ,提出了在注水钻孔中添加粘尘棒 ,阻止注入水分过早蒸发的新方法 ,并进行了纯水和粘尘棒溶液在煤体中蒸发的试验。     

我国企业职业安全健康管理体系的建立与发展

随着全球经济一体化的发展,职业安全健康管理体系(OSHMS)成为继ISO9000和ISO14000后,企业持续发展中关注的又一个重要的标准化体系,职业安全健康已经成为当今世界各国日益关注的热点和焦点,我国于1999年10月颁布了《职业安全卫生管理体系试行标准》,通过两年多的实践,职业安全健康管理体系在我国得到了迅速的发展,在促进安全生产,保证本质安全方面起到了积极的作用。     

浅析油气储运设施环境保护管理发展趋势

针对油气储运设施工程特点,通过比较清洁生产和循环经济的理念及侧重点,提出了全生命周期的环保管理理念,然后根据这一理念分析了我国油气储运设施工程从设计、施工到投产、运行全过程的环保管理现状和发展趋势,并提出了相应建议。     

油田开发对地下水水源地的影响及对策分析

分析了在油田开发工程可能对水源地产生影响的三类事故,筛选出风险最大的事故是注水井井壁泄漏事故。采用地下水中污染物三维迁移转化模型和MODFLOW、MT3D模拟计算软件对某地下水水源地可能受到的石油类污染进行数学模拟,并针对模拟结果提出了污染预防和控制措施。     

Spatial Dynamics of Soil Moisture in a Complex Terrain in the Semi‐Arid Loess Plateau Region,China1

Abstract: Soil moisture is an important hydrological variable in reforestation practices in a water‐limited region of the Loess Plateau of northwestern China. The objective of this study was to quantify the spatial dynamics of soil moisture on a complex terrain. During 2004‐2006, a total of 313 sample points in two kinds of grid (2 × 2 m and 20 × 20 m) were arranged for soil moisture measurements (two soil layers: 0‐30 and 30‐60 cm) with Time Domain Reflectometry. The geostatistical properties of soil moisture patterns, the variance and correlation structure of the soil moisture, and the effects of terrain factors on soil moisture were analyzed. The results suggested that our sampling grid captured the spatial variability of soil moisture distributions for this complex terrain. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis statistics showed that soil moisture decreased as slope gradient increased; that sunny aspects (112.5°‐292.5°) had relatively lower soil moisture than did shady aspects (292.5°‐112.5°); that soil moisture was lowest in the SWW direction and highest in the NWN direction; and that hillslope aspect was the main factor affecting soil moisture in the 0‐ to 30‐cm soil layer, whereas the main factor for the 30‐ to 60‐cm layer was slope gradient. It was found that the relative values of soil moisture for steep slopes (>36%) with shady aspect (292.5°‐112.5°), gentle slopes (<36%) with sunny aspect (112.5°‐292.5°), and steep slopes with sunny aspect were 99, 82, and 80, respectively – assuming a soil moisture value of 100 for gentle slopes with shady aspect. The results of this study are expected to be relevant to and useful for reforestation planning and design, parameterization of distributed hydrology models, and land productivity assessment in the study region.     

Distribution patterns of lead in urban soil and dust in Shenyang city, Northeast China

We investigated the spatial distribution of Pb in soil and dust samples collected from 54 sites in Shenyang city, Liaoning province, Northeast China. Soil background Pb concentration was 22 mg kg⁻¹ and control values from non-industrial areas were 33 mg kg⁻¹ for soil and 38 mg kg⁻¹ for dust. Soil Pb concentrations varied widely, ranging from 26 to 2911 mg kg⁻¹, with a mean concentration of 200 mg kg⁻¹, 9 times the background value and 6 times the control value. There was great variation in soil Pb, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.06 and a standard deviation (SD) of 212 mg kg⁻¹. Dust Pb concentrations fluctuated from 20 to 2810 mg kg⁻¹, with a mean value of 220 mg kg⁻¹, almost 6 times the control value. No significant differences in distribution were observed between soil Pb and dust Pb. The highest Pb concentration was observed in Tiexi district in an industrial area. Soil Pb concentration decreased with depth and with distance from the pollution source. Lead concentrations initially changed little but then decreased with distance from the roadside, and were generally higher on the east side of roads than on the west. Lead contents in different categories of urban area differed substantially with dust and soil Pb concentrations decreasing in the sequence: industrial >business >mixed (residential, culture and education)> reference areas.     

Analysis of indoor gaseous formic and acetic acid, using radial diffusive samplers

A diffusive sampling method for the determination of gaseous acetic and formic acids, using a radial symmetry diffusive sampler, has been optimised for a 7-day exposure time in this study. Sampling rate determinations were performed on data obtained from a dynamic exposure chamber, simulating the indoor conditions of an empty, closed, room, at room temperature and minimal wind speed. Analysis has been performed by means of ion chromatography. The sampling rates for formic acid concentrations of 128 microg m(-3) and 1248 microg m(-3) were determined to be 91.2 +/- 3.9 ml min(-1) and 111.6 +/- 2.8 ml min(-1), respectively. The acetic acid sampling rate was independent of the concentration in the range 160 microg m(-3)-1564 microg m(-3), and amounted to 97.3 +/- 3.1 ml min(-1). Experimentally determined sampling rates showed deviations of 3% for acetic acid, and 3-21% for formic acid, in relation to theoretically derived values. The blank values were as low as 1.69 +/- 0.07 microg for formic acid and 1.21 +/- 0.14 microg for acetic acid, and detection limits lower than 0.5 microg m(-3) could be achieved, which is an improvement of 98-99% compared to previously validated diffusive sampling methods. This study describes the first step of an extended validation program in which the applicability of these types of samplers for the measurement of organic acids will be validated and optimised for the environmental conditions typical for museum showcases.