粮食真菌毒素的生殖、发育与遗传毒性:现状与展望

粮食及其制品会受到多种真菌毒素的污染。粮食真菌毒素现已被证实具有多种毒性作用,如细胞毒性、发育毒性、生殖毒性、免疫毒性和遗传毒性等,严重危害人和动物健康,甚至还会对间接或未接触毒素的子代产生不良影响,但目前有关继代毒理学数据极为缺乏。本文主要阐述了粮食中常见真菌毒素对亲本世代及其子代生殖系统/能力和生长发育的影响,简述了不同毒素诱导生殖发育毒性的作用机理并提出展望,旨在全面了解粮食真菌毒素的生殖发育及遗传毒性作用,为进一步开展粮食真菌毒素的健康风险评估,合理制定相关限量标准与法规,指导公共卫生健康并开展主动防治与干预提供重要理论依据。     

Study on the mechanism and kinetics of manganese release from waste manganese ore waste rock under rainfall leaching

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Manganese released from the piled manganese ore wastes is a great threat to the local ecosystem and human health. The mechanism and dynamic...     

Co-composting of fresh tobacco leaves and soil: an exploration on the utilization of fresh tobacco waste in farmland

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A large amount of fresh tobacco waste with high water content are produced in farmland, and it may cause environmental pollution if it is not properly...     

SiO_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4的制备及制药废水的深度处理

以溶剂热法制备Fe_3O_4磁性粒子,通过改良的St?ber法在其上包覆Si O_2,并用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷对表面进行氨基修饰,制得Si O_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4磁性复合材料,并将其用于制药废水二级出水的吸附处理(吸附剂投加量1 g/L、吸附时间120 min)。表征结果显示:Si O_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4为粒径(510.0±3.6)nm的球形粒子。实验结果表明:在废水p H为5时,Si O_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4对TOC、蛋白质、腐殖酸的吸附效果最佳,三者的去除率分别达44.14%,35.58%,33.07%,与Fe_3O_4相比分别提高了25.27,21.76,21.05百分点;废水p H为6时,Si O_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4对多糖和色度的去除效果最佳,二者的去除率分别达26.03%和62.94%,与Fe_3O_4的最高去除率(p H=5时)相比分别提高了17.84百分点和22.45百分点;Si O_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4重复使用4次,TOC和色度去除率均达初次使用时的87%以上。     

城市污水处理厂水样中有机氯农药残留分析

建立了基于HLB固相萃取柱和气相色谱/电子捕获(GC/ECD)分析城市污水中有机氯农药的分析方法,对北京市五大城市污水处理厂———高碑店、北小河、酒仙桥、清河、方庄污水处理厂进出水水样中有机氯农药进行了分析。在5个污水处理厂的水样中共检出了6种有机氯类农药,分别是α-六六六、β-六六六、γ-六六六、δ-六六六、艾氏剂、4,4’-滴滴伊和异狄氏剂,浓度在0.2~76.4ng/L之间。方法对有机氯农药的回收率达到60.93%~141.50%,方法检测限为(0.27~2.90)ng/L。     

A comparison of chemical mechanisms based on TRAMP-2006 field data

A comparison of a model using five widely known mechanisms (RACM, CB05, LaRC, SAPRC-99, SAPRC-07, and MCMv3.1) has been conducted based on the TexAQS II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project (TRAMP-2006) field data in 2006. The concentrations of hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxy (HO₂) radicals were calculated by a zero-dimensional box model with each mechanism and then compared with the OH and HO₂ measurements. The OH and HO₂ calculated by the model with different mechanisms show similarities and differences with each other and with the measurements. First, measured OH and HO₂ are generally greater than modeled for all mechanisms, with the median modeled-to-measured ratios ranging from about 0.8 (CB05) to about 0.6 (SAPRC-99). These differences indicate that either measurement errors, the effects of unmeasured species or chemistry errors in the model or the mechanisms, with some errors being independent of the mechanism used. Second, the modeled and measured ratios of HO₂/OH agree when NO is about 1 ppbv, but the modeled ratio is too high when NO was less and too low when NO is more, as seen in previous studies. Third, mechanism–mechanism HO_x differences are sensitive to the environmental conditions – in more polluted conditions, the mechanism–mechanism differences are less. This result suggests that, in polluted conditions, the mechanistic details are less important than in cleaner conditions, probably because of the dominance of reactive nitrogen chemistry under polluted conditions.     

Effect of urbanization on the structure and functional traits of remnant subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests in South China

We investigated the effects of major environmental drivers associated with urbanization on species diversity and plant functional traits (PFTs) in the remnant subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests in Metropolitan Guangzhou (Guangdong, China). Twenty environmental factors including topography, light, and soil properties were used to quantify the effects of urbanization. Vegetation data and soil properties were collected from 30 400-m² plots at 6 study sites in urban and rural areas. The difference of plant species diversity and PFTs of remnant forests between urban and rural areas were analyzed. To discern the complex relationships, multivariate statistical analyses (e.g., canonical correspondence analysis and regression analysis) were employed. Pioneer species and stress-tolerant species can survive and vigorously establish their population dominance in the urban environment. The native herb diversity was lower in urban forests than in rural forests. Urban forests tend to prefer the species with Mesophanerophyte life form. In contrast, species in rural forests possessed Chamaephyte and Nanophanerophyte life forms and gravity/clonal growth dispersal mode. Soil pH and soil nutrients (K, Na, and TN) were positively related to herb diversity, while soil heavy metal concentrations (Cu) were negatively correlated with herb diversity. The herb plant species diversity declines and the species in the remnant forests usually have stress-tolerant functional traits in response to urbanization. The factors related to urbanization such as soil acidification, nutrient leaching, and heavy metal pollution were important in controlling the plant diversity in the forests along the urban–rural gradients. Urbanization affects the structure and functional traits of remnant subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests.     

Rewriting the Plot: sustaining allotments in the UK and Japan

In the search for a model form of allotment garden in the late 1980s, capable of absorbing surplus farmland while sustaining the capacity of the land to support agriculture, Japanese experts rejected the UK allotment, which was perceived to be of low status and in decline, in favour of the German Kleingarten. This paper suggests that it may be time to reconsider the UK experience, in the light of subsequent moves to rewrite the image and practice of allotment gardening in the UK within the local sustainable development agenda, and the problems which the Japanese version of the Kleingarten model has encountered in the changed economic circumstances of the 1990s.