电絮凝处理三次采油废水

采用电絮凝技术对含PAM的三次采油废水进行处理,研究了不同极板、pH、电流密度、极板间距、搅拌速度、反应时间以及极性交换周期对大庆三次采油废水处理效果的影响。通过处理效果和成本分析,铝作为极板时处理效果要优于铁板,最佳实验条件下COD去除率达到了94.6%。同时对三次采油废水的主要性质和电絮凝处理三次采油废水的作用机理进行了分析,发现COD主要通过絮凝沉降作用去除,而电化学氧化作用和气浮作用对COD的去除效果并不显著。与普通化学混凝法相比,电絮凝处理三次采油废水在处理效果和成本方面有着独特的优势。     

页岩对污泥氨气挥发的抑制作用

氨气是城市污水污泥产生的恶臭气体之一,控制或抑制其产生是资源化利用甚至处置过程中至关重要的.通过改进氨气测量方法定量分析外掺页岩对污泥氨气挥发的抑制作用和机理,实验研究了页岩掺量、陈放形式以及环境温度对污泥氨气挥发浓度的影响.结果表明,外掺页岩对污泥氨气挥发具有明显的抑制作用,随温度升高、陈放时间延长抑制效果有所减弱但仍具有明显作用;页岩对污泥氨气挥发的抑制作用主要为对氨气的吸附作用.     

Modeling the effect of daily ration and feeding frequency on growth of redtail shrimp Penaeus penicillatus (Alock) at controlled temperatures

Obtaining optimal growth of redtail shrimp at an economic production cost is essential. An experiment was conducted to evaluate simultaneous effects of daily ration and feeding frequency on growth of redtail shrimp at controlled temperatures. Two series were operated contemporarily, one at 25°C and the other at 30°C. the three daily rations were 5, 15, and 25% of fresh body weight in association with three levels of daily feeding frequency: one, three, and five times. Each series lasted for 80 days. The growth rate and the combined effects were studied on day 40 and day 80 for each series.Response surface analyses showed that, at 25°C, two quadratic polynomial equations could describe the daily growth rates (G₁ and G₂) during growth periods 1 (day 1-day 40) and 2 (day 41-day 80). The optimal daily ration and feeding frequency in terms of maximum growth rate were found at 25°C to be 22.38% of fresh body weight with three feedings/day for growth period 1 and 22.68% of fresh body weight with three feedings/day for growth period 2.At 30°C, two dynamic models were derived for each growth period that included growth optimums of 21.94% and four feedings/day for the first growth period, and 21.27% and four feedings/day for the subsequent growth period.     

生态社区建设的战略环境评价初探

生态社区建设,既是生态城市建设中的重要一环,也是人类社会可持续发展主题中的重要方面.对生态社区建设规划进行战略环境评价是保证生态社区建设的有效手段.讨论生态社区建设进行战略环境评价的必要性及其理论基础,并且建立了战略环境评价指标体系.这对生态社区建设,落实可持续发展战略具有十分重要的意义.     

脉冲电晕低温等离子体提高一氧化氮氧化效率的实验研究

提高一氧化氮（NO）的氧化效率对于提高生物法处理该类废气的净化效率具有重要意义。实验研究了低温等离子体在脉冲电晕条件下氧化废气中NO的过程，考察了不同峰值电压、氧气含量、气体停留时间和添加有机物等因素对提高NO氧化效率的影响。结果表明：低温等离子法可有效地提高NO的氧化效率，主要产物为NO2；室温条件下，当进气NO浓度590mg／m^3、脉冲频率50Hz时，增大峰值电压、气体停留时间和进气中的氧气含量可提高NO的氧化效率；在最适峰值电压15kV，气体停留时间5s时，NO氧化效率为20％；在进气NO中添加甲苯、乙醇后，NO氧化效率可增加至30％以上，甲苯的效果要好于乙醇。     

甲基异柳磷对大鼠游离肝细胞结构与功能影响及其在肝细胞中的代谢动力学研究

研究结果表明,甲基异柳磷(MeISP)在1.5mmol/L终浓度时对肝细胞有明显毒性,表现为膜通透性增高,细胞内丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、β-葡糖苷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶(AcP)漏出率增高,且ALT和LDH漏出率同MeISP间呈良好的剂量-效应关系;迅速耗损细胞内GSH;同MeISP共同温育30min的肝细胞膜发生明显的囊泡化;几乎完全抑制肝细胞蛋白质合成和糖异生功能.在15μmol/L终浓度下,在肝细胞内代谢迅速,符合代谢动力学一室模型(one—compartment model).     

甲基异柳磷对大鼠游离肝细胞结构与功能影响及其在肝细胞中的代谢动力学研究

研究结果表明,甲基异柳磷(MeISP)在1.5mmol/L终浓度时对肝细胞有明显毒性,表现为膜通透性增高,细胞内丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、β-葡糖苷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶(AcP)漏出率增高,且ALT和LDH漏出率同MeISP间呈良好的剂量-效应关系;迅速耗损细胞内GSH;同MeISP共同温育30min的肝细胞膜发生明显的囊泡化;几乎完全抑制肝细胞蛋白质合成和糖异生功能.在15μmol/L终浓度下,在肝细胞内代谢迅速,符合代谢动力学一室模型(one—compartment model).     

Bioaccumulation,subcellular, and molecular localization and damage to physiology and ultrastructure in Nymphoides peltata (Gmel.) O. Kuntze exposed to yttrium

Bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution, and acute toxicity of yttrium (Y) were evaluated in Nymphoides peltata. The effects of Y concentrations of 1–5 mg L^?1 applied for 4 days were assessed by measuring changes in photosynthetic pigments, nutrient contents, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and ultrastructure. The accumulation of Y in subcellular fractions decreased in the order of cell wall > organelle > soluble fraction. Much more Y was located in cellulose and pectin than in other biomacromolecules. The content of some mineral elements (Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Mo) increased in N. peltata, but there was an opposite effect for P and K. Meanwhile, ascorbate, and catalase activity decreased significantly for all Y concentrations. In contrast, peroxidase activity was induced, while initial rises in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content were followed by subsequent declines. Morphological symptoms of senescence, such as chlorosis and damage to chloroplasts and mitochondria, were observed even at the lowest Y concentration. Pigment content decreased as the Y concentration rose and the calculated EC₅₀ and MPC of Y for N. peltata were 2 and 0.2 mg L^?1 after 4 days of exposure, respectively. The results showed that exogenous Y was highly available in water and that its high concentration in water bodies might produce harmful effects on aquatic organisms. N. peltata is proposed as a biomonitor for the assessment of metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems.     

Effects of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47, BDE-209) on the swimming behavior,population growth and reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) are new kinds of persistent organic pollutants(POPs) and their potential threats to the equilibrium and sustainability of marine ecosystems have raised worldwide concerns. Here, two kinds of PBDEs, tetra-BDE(BDE-47)and deca-BDE(BDE-209) were applied, and their toxic effects on the swimming behavior,population growth and reproduction of Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. The results showed that:(1) The actual concentrations of BDE-47 and-209 in the seawater phase measured by GC–MS(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer) were much lower than their nominal concentrations.(2) In accordance with the 24-hr acute tests, BDE-209 did not show any obvious swimming inhibition to rotifers, but a good correlation did exist between the swimming inhibition rate and BDE-47 concentration suggesting that BDE-47 is more toxic than BDE-209.(3) Both BDE-47 and-209 had a significant influence on the population growth and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis including the population growth rate, the ratio of ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females(OF/NOF), the ratio of mictic females/amictic females(MF/AF), resting egg production and the mictic rate, which indicate that these parameters in B. plicatilis population were suitable for monitoring and assessing PBDEs. Our results suggest that BDE-47 and-209 are not acute lethal toxicants and may pose a low risk to marine rotifers at environmental concentrations for short-term exposure. They also accumulate differently into rotifers. Further research data are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects caused by PBDEs and to assess their risks accurately.     

原子荧光光谱法测定环境水体中痕量锡研究

在对环境水进行检测时,一个非常重要的项目就是对锡含量进行检测,所以,运用准确、灵敏的测定方法对环境水体中痕量锡进行检测具有非常重要的意义。文章将结合实验,在对环境水体中的痕量锡进行测定时,运用原子荧光光谱法,对测定环境水体中痕量锡的方法进行了一定的研究。采用原子荧光光谱法测定环境水体中的痕量锡,方法检出限是0.10μg/L,相对标准偏差0.20%~0.90%,实际样品加标回收率为98%~102%,满足环境监测实验室分析测定要求,值得推广。