三峡库区退耕还林后植物多样性研究

通过对三峡库区不同退耕还林阶段的植物群落调查,结果表明退耕还林后植物群落演替基本沿着:农田杂草→草地→灌木林地→天然次生乔木林的方向而发展.但由于退耕还林阶段受环境因素或干扰状况对群落植物多样性的影响,加上退耕还林中树种较为单一,退耕还林后群落的物种丰富度和物种多样性没有得到提高.通过对处于相同退耕还林阶段的不同植物群落类型的调查,以及对同一群落类型中具有不同群落结构的植物物种组成情况的调查发现,在植物群落内部,群落组成中的不同生活型的物种多样性表现为草本层＞灌木层＞乔木层.从优势种来看,乔木层主要为马尾松和柏木;灌层中为火棘、栓皮栎、山莓、黄构皮等;草本层中主要为白茅、茅叶荩草、白喜草、竹枝细柄草、渐尖毛蕨、日本金粉蕨、过路黄等.退耕还林10年后发育形成的密林中,乔木物种数目较多,多样性指数最大.     

Immobilization of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by biomineralization of the carbonate mineralized bacterial consortium JZ1

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been proven to effectively immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+ using a single bacterium. However, there is...     

基于强度退化的震损加固型钢混凝土柱抗剪承载力分析

为了建立碳纤维布或外包钢套震损加固型钢混凝土柱的抗剪承载力计算式,基于碳纤维布或外包钢套加固型钢混凝土柱试验研究,分析了原柱材料的地震损伤以及混凝土受剪机理的差异,比较了不同抗剪模型建立的抗剪承载力计算值的差异性。经验证,计算值与其试验值吻合较好,说明基于强度退化的震损加固型钢混凝土柱抗剪承载力计算公式是可行的。基于GB50010-2010、ACI318-08和CSA-04三种不同抗剪模型建立的抗剪承载力计算值差异较大,说明震损加固柱中钢筋混凝土承担剪力的分析不容忽视。     

臭氧激光雷达技术及应用研究进展

差分吸收臭氧激光雷达是完善光化学立体监测体系的重要技术,因其高时空分辨率的廓线探测优势而得以迅速发展,目前已被广泛应用于对流层臭氧浓度的遥感探测。阐述了臭氧激光雷达的原理,归纳总结了雷达系统及关键技术的国内外最新研究进展,梳理了臭氧激光雷达在环境领域的应用现状,并基于我国城市臭氧污染问题现状和管理需求,初步探索设计了臭氧激光雷达监测网络业务应用的整体框架。指出了臭氧激光雷达技术及应用中存在厂家众多但缺乏统一的技术规范和行业标准,数据质量及准确性有待提高,与标准分析方法产生数据的可比性较差等不足之处;提出了核心部件国产化,系统小型化、自动化及商用化,多平台以及与其他监测方式联用等发展趋势。     

条斑紫菜中磷和钙的亚细胞分布及其与富集砷的关系

研究条斑紫菜中磷和钙的亚细胞分布,并探讨其与条斑紫菜富集砷的关系。结果表明:条斑紫菜吸收磷、钙主要分布在细胞壁组分中,平均占总磷含量的53.9%,占总钙含量的61.25%,其次为细胞液。与对照组相比(砷暴露浓度0.5 mg·L~(-1)),在添加磷浓度为0.1 mg·L~(-1)和1.0 mg·L~(-1)处理组中,条斑紫菜中磷、砷之间呈现协同效应;当添加磷浓度为5.0 mg·L~(-1)和10.0 mg·L~(-1)时,条斑紫菜中磷、砷之间则呈现拮抗作用,砷的富集量分别比照组下降61.37%和72.73%。经添加钙液暴露过的条斑紫菜,当钙暴露浓度为1 000 mg·L~(-1)时其对砷的富集量比对照组减少15.51%。可知,5.0 mg·L~(-1)磷处理条斑紫菜,条斑紫菜对砷的富集受到明显的抑制。     

尤溪集体林区林业产业发展的实践与探索

阐述了近几年来全国南方集体林区重点林业县的福建省尤溪县在发展林业产业、调整林业产业结构、推进林业产业化进程、生产安全中所取的成效,以及存在的问题,并以此提出今后集体林区林业产业发展的指导性、实用性的对策与建议。     

承担防震减灾重任的中国地震台网中心

为了实行预防为主、防御与救助相结合的方针,做好动员、组织社会各方面的力量积极防御地震灾害的重大任务,最大限度地减轻由于地震灾害造成的人民生命财产损失,中国地震局在“九五”期间建设的国家防震减灾技术系统的基础上,通过部门的重组、调整,于2004年10月18日组建成立了中国地震台网中心。     

Preliminary study of groundwater denitrification using a composite membrane bioreactor

A composite membrane bioreactor (CMBR) integrating the immobilized cell technique and the membrane separation technology was developed for groundwater denitrification. The CMBR had two well mixed compartments with one filled with the nitrate- containing influent and the other with a dilute ethanol solution; the compartments were separated by the composite membrane consisting of a microporous membrane facing the influent and an immobilized cell membrane facing the ethanol solution. Nitrate and ethanol molecules diffused from the respective compartments into the immobilized cell membrane where nitrate was reduced to gaseous nitrogen by the denitrifying bacteria present there with ethanol as the carbon source. The microporous membrane was attached to one side of the immobilized cell membrane for retention of the disaggregated bacteria. Relative to the single dose of external ethanol, the two-dose supplementation produced better treatment results as evidenced by the lower concentrations of NO3--N and ethanol (as measured by total organic carbon) of the effluent. The batch treatment in CMBR removed most of the nitrate in the influent and attained a stable denitrification rate of 0.1 g·m^-2·h^-1 for most of the 96-h cycles during the 30-cycle study. The effluent was essentially free of ethanol and nitrite nitrogen.     

Continuous biohydrogen production from diluted molasses in an anaerobic contact reactor

An anaerobic contact reactor (ACR) system comprising a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with settler to decouple the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from solids retention time (SRT) was developed for fermentative hydrogen production from diluted molasses by mixed microbial cultures. The ACR was operated at various volumetric loading rates (VLRs) of 20–44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1 with constant HRT of 6 h under mesophilic conditions of 35°C. The SRT was maintained at about 46–50 h in the system. At the initial VLR of 20 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, the hydrogen production rate dropped from 22.6 to 1.58 L·d^-1 as the hydrogen was consumed by the hydrogentrophic methanogen. After increasing the VLR to 28 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1 and discharging the sludge for 6 consecutive times, the hydrogentrophic methanogens were eliminated, and the hydrogen content reached 36.4%. As the VLR was increased to 44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield increased to 42.1 L·d^-1 and 1.40 mol H₂·molglucose-consumed^-1, respectively. The results showed that a stable ethanol-type fermentation that favored hydrogen production in the reactor was thus established with the sludge loading rate (SLR) of 2.0–2.5 kgCOD·kgMLVSS^-1·d^-1. It was found that the ethanol increased more than other liquid fermentation products, and the ethanol/acetic acid (mol/mol) ratio increased from 1.27 to 2.45 when the VLR increased from 28 to 44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, whereas the hydrogen composition decreased from 40.4% to 36.4%. The results suggested that the anaerobic contact reactor was a promising bioprocess for fermentative hydrogen production.