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61.
van Drooge B Mateo R Vives I Cardiel I Guitart R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(1):84-91
Livers from 130 specimens corresponding to 18 species of raptors from Spain were analysed for persistent organochlorine (OC) residues. In all species, p,p'-DDE was the most abundant individual OC compound detected, with geometric means ranging from 61 to 40,086 ng/g ww. The geometric mean for summation operator PCB ranged from 225 to 9184 ng/g ww. Migration to Africa, south of Sahara, where p,p'-DDT is still in use, was not associated with higher liver concentrations of its metabolite, p,p'-DDE. The presence of birds in the diet of the species was an important species-specific factor determining the mean liver concentrations of p,p'-DDE and summation operator PCB. The effect of the diet on OC concentrations in liver is explained by the lower metabolising capacity of OC compounds in birds, especially for p,p'-DDE. 相似文献
62.
Fenta Ayele Almaw Yasuda Hiroshi Shimizu Katsuyuki Haregeweyn Nigussie 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(4):1229-1240
Regional Environmental Change - Climate variability and human activities are two major drivers influencing changes in streamflow response of a watershed, and thus assessing their relative effect is... 相似文献
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Latrine use (i.e., the repeated use of specific defecation/urination sites) has been described for several mammals, including carnivores, ungulates, and primates. However, the functional significance of latrine use in primates has not been studied systematically yet. We, therefore, followed 14 radio-collared individuals of the pair-living white-footed sportive lemur (Lepilemur leucopus) for 1097 hours of continuous focal observations to investigate latrine distribution, seasonality of latrine use, as well as age and sex of users to test various hypotheses related to possible functions of latrine use, including territory demarcation, resource defense, signaling of reproductive state, social bonding, and mate defense. All individuals of a social unit exhibited communal use of latrines located in the core area of their territory, supporting the social boding hypothesis. Latrine use seems to facilitate familiarity and social bonding within social units via olfactory communication in this primate that lives in family units but exhibits low levels of spatial cohesion and direct social interactions. In addition, frequency of latrine visitation was higher during nights of perceived intruder pressure, supporting the mate defense hypothesis. However, animals did not react to experimentally introduced feces from neighboring or strange social units, indicating that urine may be the more important component of latrines than feces in this arboreal species. Based on a survey of latrine use and function in other mammals, we conclude that latrines facilitate communication particularly in nocturnal species with limited habitat visibility and in species where individuals are not permanently cohesive because they constitute predictable areas for information exchange. 相似文献
65.
Saunders JR Hough C Knopper LD Koch I Reimer KJ 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(6):1784-1792
Arsenic in terrestrial contaminated sites has the potential to cause harm to residential wildlife. The aim of this study was to determine the arsenic species in wild rodents living in arsenic contaminated habitats, specifically deer mice from Yellowknife, NT and meadow voles from Seal Harbour, NS, along with co-located plants. Methanol : water (1 : 1) extractions were used to optimize the extraction of methylated arsenic(v) species. Total arsenic concentrations were substantially higher in the Yellowknife deer mice (1.7-3.2 μg kg(-1) wet weight in livers) and Seal Harbour meadow voles (0.67-0.97 μg kg(-1) wet weight in livers) living on the contaminated sites with respect to the surrounding background locations (0.12-0.34 μg kg(-1) wet weight in livers). Around 50% of arsenic could be identified in Yellowknife deer mouse tissues, but only <10% was identified in Seal Harbour vole tissues; inorganic arsenic (iii and v) and dimethylarsinic acid were all found. Monomethylarsonic acid was only detected in both the mice and voles living in the contaminated sites. In the Yellowknife food chain, methyl arsenic (v) proportions increased from plants to mouse inner organs, but the trend was not for clear as the Seal Harbour food chain. Seal Harbour voles may be sequestering arsenic in a less mobile form, rather than transforming it. 相似文献
66.
Jordi Figuerola Iris Charalambidou Luis Santamaria Andy J. Green 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(6):555-565
Long distance dispersal may have important consequences for gene flow and community structure. The dispersal of many plants
depends on transport by vertebrate seed dispersers. The shapes of seed shadows produced by vertebrates depend both on movement
patterns of the dispersers and on the dynamics and effects of passage through the disperser’s gut (i.e. the retention time,
survival and germination of ingested seeds). A combination of experiments with captive waterbirds and aquatic plant seeds
was used to analyse the following: (a) the effects of inter- and intra-specific variation in seed size and duck species on
seed retention time in the gut and (b) the relationship between retention time and the percent germination and germination
rates of seeds. Among the three Scirpus species used, those with smaller seeds showed higher survival after ingestion by birds and longer retention times inside
their guts than those with larger seeds. For Potamogeton pectinatus, only seeds from the smaller size class (<8 mg) survived ingestion. Retention time affected the percent germination and germination
rate of Scirpus seeds but in a manner that varied for the different plant and bird species studied. We recorded both linear and non-linear
effects of retention time on percent germination. In addition, germination rate was positively correlated with retention time
in Scirpus litoralis but negatively correlated in Scirpus lacustris. Small seed size can favour dispersal over larger distances. However, the effects of retention time on percent germination
can modify the seed shadows produced by birds due to higher percent germination of seeds retained for short or intermediate
periods. The changes in dispersal quality associated with dispersal distance (which is expected to be positively related to
retention time) will affect the probability of seedling establishment over longer distances and, thus, the spatial characteristics
of the effective seed shadow. 相似文献
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Marlies Härdtlein Martin Kaltschmitt Iris Lewandowski 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1998,10(3):135-140
Part I gives an overview on the origin and the development of the term “sustainability” in general and for agriculture in particular. This overview shows that the term “sustainability” is used widely in discussing ecological, social and economic aspects; however, there is no generally accepted definition for this term neither for the different aspects, nor for a concept including all the discussed aspects of “sustainability”. This makes a determination and practical implementation of the term “sustainability” difficult. Therefore a definition for a sustainable crop production from the ecological point of view is elaborated based on the discussion of the development of the term and on the identification of the most important applied aspects. This definition forms the basis for a methodological approach to the practical implementation of a sustainable crop production (»part II). 相似文献
69.
Diane Van Opstal Geerke M. Eggenhuizen Marieke Joosten Karin Diderich Lutgarde Govaerts Robert-Jan Galjaard Attie Go Maarten Knapen Marjan Boter Wai Y. Cheung Nicole van Koetsveld Stefanie van Veen Walter G. de Valk Fernanda Jehee Femke de Vries Iris Hollink Lies Hoefsloot Malgorzata Srebniak 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(10):1338-1342
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