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651.
A carbon balance method for paper and wood products 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Côté WA Young RJ Risse KB Costanza AF Tonelli JP Lenocker C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,116(Z1):S1-S6
The approach used to track the flow of carbon sequestered in the forest through harvest, processing into products, and final disposition of products is described. The methodology is broadly flexible and applicable to forest-based carbon balance assessments. A carbon balance is computed across all forestland ownerships for the production facility of interest. The balance considers forest uptake, harvest, combustion of fuels, emissions from process steps and losses from product use, disposition and recycling. The method also allows for sensitivity and marginal assessments of a variety of real and hypothetical situations using variable assumptions. Example results for a vertically integrated pulp and paper mill are presented. Results suggest that integrated forest products facilities drawing their raw material from sustainably managed forests can achieve a net positive carbon balance over the product cycle. The amount of net carbon sequestration attributable to such facilities depends upon a number of factors. The most critical of these include net forest growth, the method for allocating the growth in forest carbon among all of those harvesting from the drain area of a given facility, and the use and disposal patterns for the paper or wood products manufactured. 相似文献
652.
Summer time haze characteristics of the urban atmosphere of Gwangju and the rural atmosphere of Anmyon, Korea 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
An extensive visibility monitoring was carried out simultaneously in the urban area of Gwangju and the rural area of Anmyon,
Korea. This study examines patterns of visibility impairment and haze-forming pollutant concentrations on both sites resulting
from natural and anthropogenic sources of gases and particles. Optical visibility measurements by a transmissometer, a nephelometer
and an aethalometer provide aerosol light extinction, scattering, and absorption coefficients for both sites. In order to
investigate the physico-chemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols, aerosol samples were collected by various aerosol
samplers at GJVMS (Gwangju Visibility Monitoring Station) and at KGAWO (Korea Global Atmosphere Watch Observatory), respectively.
In addition, haze characteristics causing visibility impairment at those two sites were analyzed to obtain source contributions
by regionally transported aerosols using grid analysis and display system (GrADS) from NECP reanalysis data. During the intensive
monitoring period, ammonium sulfate was dominantly responsible for the fine particle mass loading at GJVMS, whereas organic
carbon was the largest contributor at KGAWO. Light scattering by particles accounted for 52.8 to 81.3% of the range at the
urban site, GJVMS and for 72.1 to 94.2% of the range at the rural site, KGAWO. Light absorption by the EC and NO2 was between 14.5 and 34.8% at GJVMS, which was higher than the observed 1.1 ∼ 6.8% at KGAWO, respectively. Light scattering
by aerosol was higher in the rural area than in the urban area. And organic carbon concentration was observed to be significantly
higher than the concentration of elemental carbon at KGAWO. These haze-forming carbonaceous particles originate from anthropogenic
pollutants at the urban atmosphere but they can be produced by natural environments such as marine and forest at the rural
atmosphere. 相似文献
653.
Lee Young Su Kim Young Kwon Choi Eunhwa Jo Hyeri Hyun Hyeseung Yi Seung-Muk Kim Jae Young 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(44):66591-66604
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The emission sources and their health risks of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Siheung, Republic of Korea, were investigated as a middle-sized... 相似文献
654.
Hong Myung Hwan Joo So Young Kim Dong Wook Yoon Jin-Ho 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(1):63-72
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Owing to the increasing ACW generation, asbestos detoxification and recycling technologies are required for environmental and economic reasons.... 相似文献