Modulation of hepatic and intestinal glutathione S-transferases and other antioxidant enzymes by dietary lipids in streptozotocin diabetic rats

Antioxidant enzymes in liver and small intestine were investigated using control and streptozotocin diabetic rats fed diets with 5% olive, sunflower or fish oil for five weeks. In liver, Glutathione Peroxidase and Superoxide Dismutase decreased and in intestine Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) increased by diabetes. In isolated jejunum and ileum, this increase in GST activity was due to an increase in GST-alpha and -mu isoenzymes in jejunum and GST-alpha, mu and -pi in ileum. Since GST plays an important role in protecting tissues from oxidative damage, our results highlight the role of the intestine against free radicals in physiological or pathological situations.     

Particulate matter pollution in Kunshan High-Tech zone: Source apportionment with trace elements, plume evolution and its monitoring

Particulate matter(PM) in the Kunshan High-Tech zone is studied during a three-month campaign. PM and trace elements are measured by the online pollution monitoring, forecastwarning and source term retrieval system AS3. Hourly measured concentrations of PM_(10), PM_(2.5) and 16 trace elements in the PM_(2.5) section(Ca, Pb, Cu, Cl, V, Cr, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Sr, Ba)are focused. Source apportionment of trace elements by Positive Matrix Factorization modeling indicates that there are five major sources, including dust, industrial processing, traffic,combustion, and sea salt with contribution rate of 23.68%, 21.66%, 14.30%, 22.03%, and 6.89%,respectively. Prediction of plume dispersion from concrete plant and traffic emissions shows that PM_(10) pollution of concrete plant is three orders of magnitude more than that of the traffic. The influence range can extend to more than 3 km in 1 hr. Because the footprint of the industrial plumes is constantly moving according to the local meteorological conditions, the fixed monitoring sites scattered in a few hundred meters haven't captured the heaviest pollution plume at the local scale of a few km~2. As a more intensive monitoring network is not operationally possible, the use of online modeling gives accurate and quantitative information of plume location, which increases the spatial pollution monitoring capacity and improves the understanding of measurement data. These results indicate that the development of the AS3 system, which combines monitoring equipment and air pollution modeling systems, is beneficial to the real-time pollution monitoring in the industrial zone.     

A green method to synthesize flowerlike Fe(OH)3 microspheres for enhanced adsorption performance toward organic and heavy metal pollutants

Dyestuffs and heavy metal ions in water are seriously harmful to the ecological environment and human health.Three-dimensional(3 D) flowerlike Fe(OH)_3 microspheres were synthesized through a green yet low-cost injection method,for the removal of organic dyes and heavy metal ions.The Fe(OH)_3 microspheres were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) techniques.The adsorption kinetics of Congo Red(CR) on Fe(OH)_3 microspheres obeyed the pseudo-second-order model.Cr~(6+) and Pb~(2+) adsorption behaviors on Fe(OH)_3 microspheres followed the Langmuir isotherm model.The maximum adsorption capacities of the synthesized Fe(OH)_3 were 308,52.94,and 75.64 mg/g for CR,Cr~(6+),and Pb~(2+) respectively.The enhanced adsorption performance originated from its surface properties and large specific surface area of 250 m~2/g.The microspheres also have excellent adsorption stability and recyclability.Another merit of the Fe(OH)_3 material is that it also acts as a Fenton-like catalyst.These twin functionalities(both as adsorbent and Fenton-like catalyst) give the synthesized Fe(OH)_3 microspheres great potential in the field of water treatment.     

流动注射双环己酮草酰二腙光度法测定水中的铜

为了克服传统分析法操作繁琐、分析时间长的缺陷,将流动注射分析技术和双环己酮草酰二腙光度法相结合,建立了测定工业废水中铜的快速、简便分析方法。方法的线性范围为0 mg/L～10 mg/L,分析速率可达55次/h,应用于工业废水样的测定,加标回收率在95.5%～104.0%之间,结果令人满意。     

汶川MS8.0地震前青海地区数字化水温(地温)异常变化分析

介绍了青海地区十个数字化水温井、六个数字化地温井的水温(地温)观测概况。经研究发现,2008年汶川MS8.0地震前,乐都和民和两个井孔出现了中期趋势异常,西宁、乐都和德令哈三个井孔出现了短临异常;从地域来看,异常测点主要集中于西宁-民和断陷盆地内,该区域其它两个正常运行的井孔没有异常,可能和探头与密闭套管末端间的距离过大有关。另外,笔者认为,西宁、乐都、民和井所表现出的中期和短临异常,可能与汶川地震的孕震过程密切相关。     

异养型同步硝化反硝化处理微污染水源水

针对微污染水源水营养贫乏特点,从富集驯化的底泥中筛选出3株异养硝化细菌和3株好氧反硝化细菌,3株异养硝化细菌对铵氮的去除率分别为97.02%、100%和100%,3株好氧反硝化细菌对总氮的去除率为98.52%,98.55%和98.6%,利用固定化微生物技术将异养硝化菌、好氧反硝化菌固定于海绵球型填料上,强化生物接触氧化处理水源水,试验结果表明:在水温25°C、溶解氧4mg/L左右、水力长期停留的条件下,经过17d的运行,铵氮去除效率可以达到100%,总氮去除率达到42%。     

几种吸附材料在含油废水处理中的应用

含油废水的来源广泛、成分复杂且对环境危害严重,吸附法是处理含油废水常用的方法,吸附剂性能的优劣对处理含油废水有至关重要的影响。介绍几种典型的吸附材料包括活性炭、高吸油树脂、粉煤灰和膨润土;活性炭是处理含油废水最常用的吸附材料,高吸油树脂则是新型的有机吸附剂,粉煤灰来源广且价格低廉,膨润土资源丰富;几种吸附材料各有优点缺点,其特性、吸附机理、在含油废水处理中的应用也不尽相同,通过比较分析,提出了未来用于含油废水处理吸附材料的发展趋势。     

混凝法处理锰矿选矿废水的试验研究

选取聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）和六水合氯化铁（FC）4种常用混凝剂,采用正交试验,以去浊率与去锰率作为综合评价指标,探讨了不同混凝剂处理锰矿选矿废水的效果及最佳混凝条件。结果表明：在以上混凝剂中,FC的混凝效果较差;PAM对锰矿选矿废水的处理效果最优,最佳的混凝条件为：处理500 ml的废水,投加1.5 ml的PAM,pH为7.0,搅拌后沉降20 min,废水经处理后去浊率与去锰率分别为96%、92%,其中废水的pH及投药量对混凝效果的影响较大。     

序批式颗粒污泥系统中磷的变化和去向分析

在实验室序批式活性污泥法(SBR)处理系统中以普通活性污泥为接种污泥,采用厌氧-好氧的运行方式提高系统的除磷效果.同时培养颗粒污泥,并对系统中磷的变化和去向进行分析.结果表明,整个试验共运行146 d,成熟颗粒污泥平均粒径为603μm,污泥体积指数(SVI)约为30 mL.g-1,COD去除率可达90%,磷的去除率可达95%左右.颗粒污泥系统除厌氧放磷和好氧聚磷以外,还存在明显的污泥颗粒积磷现象.磷的去除途径主要为:系统排泥(出水悬浮物和专门排泥)和污泥积磷.由厌氧末期颗粒污泥的X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果可知,化学沉淀是污泥积磷的一种重要方式,大量的金属离子会与磷形成无机盐沉积在污泥颗粒上.     

建筑电气火灾事故人员不安全行为风险评估

为量化分析建筑电气火灾事故中不安全动作造成的风险,本文运用事故致因"2-4"模型从火源产生、火灾发展、灭火3个环节进行事故直接原因分析;然后将各环节的不安全动作风险后果和发生概率设为随机变量,构建基于蒙特卡罗法的事故人员不安全行为风险评估模型,运用Crystal Ball 11.1软件分析模拟3个环节不安全动作风险,并对人员不安全行为的敏感性和不确定性进行分析;最后提出建筑电气火灾事故人员不安全动作风险预防措施.结果表明:火源产生环节行为风险最大,火灾发展环节行为风险最小;电器产品使用不当,违规存储、使用易燃易爆物品,未按规定维护保养消防器材设施这3种不安全动作对建筑电气火灾行为风险影响较大.