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231.
王粟 《中国安全生产科学技术》2013,9(8):83-89
为了研究高层建筑火灾风险,在综合考虑高层建筑空间火灾特点及发展过程的基础上,建立了包括安全疏散系统、建筑自身防火能力、灭火能力、消防救援设施以及安全管理五大因素的火灾风险评估指标体系,并利用灰色关联度分析法构建了高层建筑火灾系统的灰色关联评价模型。通过计算各评价指标序列和实际样本序列直接的灰色关联度,建立了系统的灰色关联矩阵,得到了各影响因素及系统整体的风险等级。利用该模型对上海市静安区胶州路728号教师公寓大楼的火灾风险进行了综合评估,结果与实际情况相符。评估结果表明,在高层建筑火灾风险评估中引入灰色关联分析方法可以得到高层建筑火灾危险性的科学数据,并进一步指出薄弱环节,对高层建筑的防火设计及日常安全管理等都具有指导意义。 相似文献
232.
燃煤烟气中的SO2和NOx是大气中重要的污染物,开发高效、经济的同步脱硫脱硝技术是环保领域的研究热点。针对现有同步脱硫脱硝技术存在的氧化剂成本较高和产物不能资源化利用等突出问题,提出了软锰矿浆烟气同步脱硫脱硝,并副产硫酸锰和硝酸锰的资源化新工艺。研究结果表明:软锰矿浆可以有效的脱除烟气中的SO2和NOx,反应产物分别为硫酸锰和硝酸锰。在烟道中注入臭氧,将难溶于水的NO快速氧化为NO2,可大大提高脱硝效率,在O3/NO=1.2的条件下可以达到72%的脱硝率、90%的脱硫率和85%的锰浸出率;吸收液经过空气氧化除铁和加入铜试剂除重金属后,结晶分离溶液得到的硫酸锰和硝酸锰可分别达到HG/T 2962—1999标准的硫酸锰产品和HG/T 3817—2006标准的工业硝酸锰产品要求。该工艺实现了SO2和NOx污染治理与低品位软锰矿资源化利用的双重目的,为SO2和NOx的资源化污染治理技术的开发和应用提供了新的思路。 相似文献
233.
UV-fluorescence spectroscopy method with synchronous mode of scanning was used to characterize the types of aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments. the sampling stations were located on two transverses between Yugoslavian and the Italian coasts in the middle of the Adriatic Sea. the preparation of sediment samples was made according to IOC/UNESCO (1982). Synchronous excitation/emission scanning were done at wavelengths from 236/260 to 516/540 nm. Since the wavelength of maximum emission is a function of fused aromatic rings in a molecule, the fluorescence spectra of each sample were divided into three intervals: 300–340, 340–400, over 400 nm, corresponding to compounds with 2, 3 and 4,5 and more rings respectively. Large qualitative differences were established between sediment samples. PAH with 5 and more rings are more prevalent near the Italian coast. 相似文献
234.
Songhui Wang Bingren Xiang Yilong Su Qianqian Tang 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(4):383-387
This report describes a rapid, onsite method to analyze the dichlorvos pesticide in water. Dichlorvos is a broad-spectrum pesticide that has been used worldwide. As an organophosphorus pesticide, dichlorvos disrupts the nervous system by inhibiting the activity of acetyl cholinesterase. Traditional analysis of dichlorvos by chromatography is time-consuming and environmentally unfriendly. Therefore, rapid, on-site methods to analyze dichlorvos are needed. Here, we used for the first time Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy combined with partial least square-discriminant analysis to determine the dichlorvos directly in water samples. Results were compared with traditional high-performance liquid chromatography data as reference. We found that over 9,000–8,333?cm?1, the new method had a good performance with a classification accuracy of 100?% and a correlation coefficient of 0.92 between measured and reference data. The new method can also be used as a “concentration sieve” by setting up different levels of boundary, a parameter of partial least square-discriminant analysis, thus allowing rapid on-site screening. 相似文献
235.
236.
Liu P.Wang Y.Su K. 《应用与环境生物学报》2018,(3):557-562
In order to solve the problem of poor treatment of phosphorus in membrane bioreactor (MBR) with long sludge retention time (SRT), a ferric salt was added to enhance phosphorus removal; FeCl36H2O (Fe/P = 2.0) was added to the reactor. The removal efficiency of nitrogen, organic matters, and phosphorus in the MBR was investigated systematically. Moreover, this study focused on the membrane performance, the change of active sludge flora, and the effect of adding a ferric salt on membrane fouling before and after the addition. It was seen that adding the ferric salt could not affect the removal of COD and NH4 +-N and the removal rate of COD and NH4 +-N reached over 90%. However, the average removal rate of phosphorus was 52%, while the removal rate increased by nearly 40% after adding the ferric salt. The effects of adding ferric salts on the dominant bacteria and biological phosphorus removal of activated sludge were further studied. The results showed that the addition of ferric salt (Fe/P = 2.0) decreased the diversity of active sludge flora and relative abundance of some phosphorusaccumulating organisms and had a negative effect on biological phosphorus removal. The analysis of transmembrane pressure difference (TMP) recording revealed that the concentration of iron salts did not exacerbate membrane fouling. The results showed that the concentration of iron salts entering the membrane bioreactor would reduce the relative abundance and phosphorus removal efficiency of the activated sludge in the system to a certain extent, but it had no obvious effect on membrane fouling. It allowed the effluent to attain acceptable standards, especially with respect to phosphorus removal efficiency. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献
237.
An analysis of the developmental differences in Borneo’s Southeastern and Northwestern Coastal Zones
In this research, Landsat TM images were used to extract the land use information for Borneo’s coastal zones (0 to 35 km) during three time periods (1990, 2000, and 2010). Then, in combination with the DEM and shoreline types, the developmental differences under the influences of the geographical boundaries of the Borneo coastal zones were examined from such perspectives as the spatial distribution characteristics of the land development, sea-land gradient variation characteristics, and comparative analyses of the different regions. The results indicated that the geographic boundaries, as well as the different countries, had great influences on the development of the coastal zones. The regions with the most active development in Borneo’s coastal zones were mainly located in the estuary bay, onshore with land on both sides, and the near-shore alluvial plain with DEM?<?50 m. The northwestern coast zone showed relatively flat topography, and was close to an important international waterway. Therefore, the development in this area was found to be more intense than in the southeastern coastal zone, and which was characterized by a long developmental history. On one side of the geographical boundary, the development was also found to differ among the different countries. Malaysia was observed to be dominated by industrial plantations. Meanwhile, the industrial plantations, agriculture, and aquaculture in Indonesia were significantly increased, which was closely linked with the national economic policies. Furthermore, the development of Borneo’s coastal zones has led to vegetation degradation towards a constant inland development, plantation enlargements, agricultural development, and cleared and burnt areas, which have resulted in the land use transfer of 22,000 km2 of forest land within the 0 to 35 km range. 相似文献
238.
Alejandro Valladares Germán Manríquez Benjamín A. Suárez-Isla 《Marine Biology》2010,157(12):2731-2738
The pattern of shell shape variation in populations of the mussel, Mytilus chilensis (Hupe 1854) from Southern Chile was analyzed as a function of sample origin (cultivated vs. wild) and latitude, using standard
tools of geometric morphometrics for landmark data. Additionally, posterior adductor muscle index (PAMI), Freeman condition
index and shell thickness were measured in each sample. Highly significant differences in shell shape components were found
among mussel populations. These differences are related to the origin of samples (expansion of the posterior adductor muscle
scar, elongation of the lateral ligament and of the ventral umbo position in non-cultivated samples) and to latitude (more
elongated shells and more extended posterior adductor muscle scar in most southern samples when compared with the northernmost
ones). PAMI and shell thickness were statistically higher in wild population, and Freeman condition index was higher in cultivated
shells. It is suggested that in wild populations of M. chilensis, the mussels may face higher predator pressures and other environmental stress factors. Consequently, individuals may be using
higher energy fraction to reinforce shells and to promote adductor muscle growth at the expense of somatic growth. In contrast,
individuals found in calm aquaculture environments are relatively protected from predators and use most of their assimilated
energy in somatic growth. In turn, this growth depends on changes that covariate with shell morphology. 相似文献
239.
通过邻苯二甲酸氢钾(KHP)溶液的电解实验研究了德国引进的金属铌掺硼金刚石膜电极(Nb/BDD)的电化学性质,并利用该电极处理装置处理了东莞某造纸厂造纸废水。考察了电解时间、电流强度及废水的pH值、电解质的浓度、电导率等参数对电化学降解效率的影响。结果表明,Nb/BDD具有优异的污水降解性能,在pH值为3.0,电流密度为37.23 mA/cm2,电压6.9 V,NaCl充当电解质质量浓度0.4 g/L的条件下,电解200 min,装置对再生纸造纸废水的COD的去除率接近70%,BOD/COD为0.4,比能耗为27.6(kW.h/kg)。 相似文献
240.
Xianjun Xie Yanxin Wang Junxia Li Chunli Su Mengyu Duan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2013,49(2):402-414
Abstract: Analyses of major elements, environmental isotope ratios (δ18O, δ2H), and PHREEQC inverse modeling investigations were conducted to understand the processes controlling the salinization of groundwater within the Datong Basin. The hydrochemical results showed that groundwater with high total dissolved solid (TDS) concentrations was dominated by sodium bicarbonate (Na‐HCO3), sodium chlorite (Na‐Cl), and sodium sulfate (Na‐SO4) type waters, whereas low‐TDS groundwater from near mountain areas was dominated by calcium bicarbonate (Ca‐HCO3) and magnesium bicarbonate (Mg‐HCO3) type waters. The characterization of the major components of groundwater and PHREEQC inverse modeling indicated that the aluminosilicate hydrolysis, cation exchange, and dissolution of evaporites (halite, mirabilite, and gypsum) governed the salinization of groundwater within the Datong Basin. The environmental isotope (δ18O, δ2H) and Cl?/Br? ratios revealed the impact of fast vertical recharge by irrigation returns and salt‐flushing water on the groundwater salinization. According to the analyses of major hydrochemical components and PHREEQC inverse modeling, evaporite dissolution associated with irrigation and salt‐flushing practice was probably the dominant controlling factor for the groundwater salinization, especially in the central part of the basin. Therefore, groundwater pumping for irrigation and salt‐flushing should be controlled to protect groundwater quality in this area. 相似文献