Variations in the coral community at the high-latitude Bailong Peninsula,northern South China Sea

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - High-latitude coral communities have attracted much attention due to their potential as refuges during global climate change. However, this function...     

Characteristics of leachate from refuse transfer stations in rural China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The properties of leachate from refuse transfer stations (RTSs) in rural China were indefinite. In this study, a total of 14 leachate samples from...     

场地⁃隧道⁃地上建筑结构体系地震响应的振动台试验∗

在土体?结构体系动力响应研究中,输入地震动特性是必须考虑的关键因素。分别考虑地震动的频谱特性差异和速度脉冲特征,选取了两条不同类型的地震动加速度记录及一条人工合成地震动时程作为输入地震动,设计并开展了隧道与地上建筑结构体系模型的振动台试验,基于试验数据分析了地震动频谱与速度脉冲特性对隧道与地上建筑结构动力响应的影响。结果表明：场地?隧道?地上结构体系地震响应中,隧道与地上结构的相互作用效应显著,地上结构的存在对地下隧道地震响应的较高频响成分有更显著的影响;相互作用效应显著地受到场地输入地震动频谱特性的影响;输入地震动的速度脉冲特性对隧道响应的影响主要表现在较高频范围,而对地上结构响应的影响不只表现在较高频范围,对周期 1.0~2.0 的频率范围的响应也具有明显增大作用。     

二氧化钛载银抗菌剂的研究进展

介绍了二氧化钛系和银系无机抗菌剂在国内外的研究现状、杀菌机理以及存在的问题,论述了二氧化钛载银改性杀菌材料的最新进展,并就其研究开发亟需解决的关键问题提出了可行性建议。     

Recent advances in the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide

Fossil fuels are currently the major energy source and are rapidly consumed to supply the increasing energy demands of mankind. CO₂, a product of fossil fuel combustion, leads to climate change and will have a serious impact on our environment. There is an increasing need to mitigate CO₂ emissions using carbon–neutral energy sources. Therefore, research activities are devoted to CO₂ capture, storage and utilization. For instance, photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ into hydrocarbon fuels is a promising avenue to recycle carbon dioxide. Here we review the present status of the emission and utilization of CO₂. Then we review the photocatalytic conversion of CO₂ by TiO₂, modified TiO₂ and non-titanium metal oxides. Finally, the challenges and prospects for further development of CO₂ photocatalytic reduction are presented.     

新型阻燃剂TCPP对斑马鱼的毒性研究

为了明确新型阻燃剂磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(TCPP)的生态风险,本研究采用斑马鱼为模式生物,评价了TCPP对成鱼和胚胎的毒性效应。急性毒性研究结果表明,TCPP对斑马鱼成鱼的96 h致死中浓度(LC50)为47.06 mg·L~(-1),而对胚胎96 h-LC50为26.01 mg·L~(-1),且会影响胚胎的正常发育,导致孵化出的仔鱼产生畸形。成鱼14 d延长毒性试验结果表明,TCPP对斑马鱼成鱼的无可观察效应浓度(NOEC)为1.00 mg·L~(-1),染毒暴露后肝脏和性腺指数随TCPP浓度增加轻微下降,但肝脏中卵黄蛋白原(VTG)的含量和性腺中芳香化酶的活性随TCPP浓度增加普遍升高。此外,TCPP的暴露还会导致斑马鱼脑垂体中合成促性腺激素的相关基因表达量增加。因此,TCPP对斑马鱼成鱼和胚胎的急性毒性均为低毒级,但长期暴露会干扰内分泌系统的调控功能,影响斑马鱼的正常发育。     

Fe-Mn-sepiolite as an effective heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for the decolorization of reactive brilliant blue

A study of the decolorization of reactive brilliant blue in an aqueous solution using Fe-Mn-sepiolite as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst has been performed. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the catalyst showed bending vibrations of the Fe-O. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the catalyst showed characteristic diffraction peaks of α-Fe₂O₃, γ-Fe₂O₃ and MnO. A four factor central composite design (CCD) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate and optimize the important variables (catalyst addition, hydrogen peroxide dosage, initial pH value and initial dye concentration). When the reaction conditions were catalyst dosage= 0.4 g, [H₂O₂]= 0.3 mL, pH= 2.5, [reactive brilliant blue]_o = 50 mg·L⁻¹, and volume of solution= 500 mL at room temperature, the decolorization efficiency of reactive brilliant blue was 91.98% within 60 min. Moreover, the Fe-Mn-sepiolite catalyst had good stability for the degradation of reactive brilliant blue even after six cycles. Leaching of iron ions (<0.4 mg·L⁻¹) was observed. The decoloring process was reactive brilliant blue specific via a redox reaction. The benzene ring and naphthalene ring were first oxidized to open ring; these were then oxidized to the alcohol and carboxylic acid. The reactive brilliant blue was decomposed mainly by the attack of ·OH radicals including surface-bound ·OH radicals generated on the catalyst surface.     

中国生态环境敏感区评价

采用遥感和GIS技术,针对区域自然环境演变过程中出现的土地沙化、土壤侵蚀和石漠化等典型生态环境问题,建立敏感性评价指标体系及评价模型,开展生态环境敏感性综合评价,定量揭示中国生态环境敏感性程度及地域空间差异,划定生态环境敏感区的红线控制区域。研究结果表明：① 土地沙化以轻度敏感为主,敏感性程度高的区域主要位于西北和北方地区的主要沙漠边缘和沙地;土壤基质多为沙粒、冬春季节多大风且植被覆盖率较低是土地容易发生沙化的主要原因。② 土壤侵蚀以轻度敏感和不敏感为主,受降雨强度和地质条件空间差异影响,敏感性等级高的区域集中分布在西南、东南湿润地区和黄土高原丘陵沟壑区。③ 石漠化以不敏感为主,受岩溶地质条件影响,石漠化易发生区域集中分布在西南喀斯特地区。④ 综合生态环境敏感性以轻度敏感、不敏感和中度敏感为主,综合敏感性程度高的区域主要分布在北方干旱半干旱地区、西南湿润地区、东南湿润地区以及黄土高原丘陵沟壑区。⑤ 基于生态环境敏感性综合评价结果,将极敏感区划为生态红线区,在全国尺度上初步划定3大类和23个重点生态红线区域,约占国土面积的12.86%。     

不同废弃线路板中金属元素含量及资源化价值分析

线路板是电子废弃物的核心部分,每年产生的废弃线路板数量巨大,而典型线路板中约含金属30%。随机收集市场上不同品牌型号及生产年代的废弃电脑、手机、硬盘、工业控制器等进行粗拆,对其线路板进行系统的精细拆解,对比分析了拆除元器件线路板和元器件上的金属含量以及其潜在的资源化价值,发现不同线路板金属种类和含量差别明显,废弃工业控制器和硬盘线路板的资源化价值远大于电脑和手机,尤其是贵金属金含量高,价值高达80万元/t,普通金属尤其是铜的含量巨大,可达20 kg/t,集中分布在脱除元器件的线路板上。     

异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂对黑斑蛙胚胎和蝌蚪的急性毒性

异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-酮（BIT）和甲基异噻唑啉酮（MIT）虽已在多种行业中广泛使用,但目前有关其毒性尤其对水体中生物毒性的数据还较少。鉴于BIT和 MIT在水体中普遍存在,本文研究了这两种污染物对两栖动物黑斑蛙胚胎和蝌蚪的急性毒性。黑斑蛙胚胎和蝌蚪分别暴露系列浓度的BIT和 MIT,观察化学品对其生长、发育和运动的影响,计算96小时半数致死浓度（96 h-LC₅₀）和96小时半数致畸浓度（96 h-TC₅₀）,确定最小生长抑制浓度（MCIG）。结果发现,BIT对黑斑蛙胚胎的96 h-LC₅₀和96 h-TC₅₀分别为2.99 mg?L^-1和0.60 mg?L^-1,MCIG小于0.40 mg?L^-1,对蝌蚪的96 h-LC₅₀为6.44 mg?L^-1。MIT对黑斑蛙胚胎的96 h-LC₅₀和96 h-TC₅₀分别为5.30 mg?L^-1和2.36 mg?L^-1,MCIG为2.59 mg?L^-1,对蝌蚪的96 h-LC₅₀为7.58 mg?L^-1。根据《化学农药环境安全评价准则报批稿》中两栖动物蝌蚪急性毒性的分级标准,判定BIT和MIT的毒性等级为中等。该毒性数据为异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂的环境管理提供参考。