基于全隧道方案的渤海海峡跨海通道工程环境影响研究

渤海海峡跨海通道是疏通中国干线交通网战略布局中的咽喉工程,因工程规模浩大,其环境影响广泛而深远.简要回顾了工程建设方案的筛选进程及“深埋式全隧道”方案的环境优势;建议工程环境影响评价采用“协作型”环境影响评价模式,以合作和协调克服各方之间的分歧和矛盾;初步探讨了工程前期调研的主要内容;识别分析了通道工程对近岸海域、出入口城市的主要环境影响.结果表明:与其他方案相比,深埋式全隧道方案对自然人文景观、海洋生态环境、海洋资源开发利用等的影响是最小的,并提出了消除或减缓不良环境影响的对策措施,为通道工程的立项决策提供科学依据.     

温岭市东环高架交通对声环境的影响评价与预测

相较于一般的城市道路,城市高架具有通行能力大、行车速度高、车辆行驶状态复杂的特点,噪声污染极为突出.温岭市东环高架穿越温岭市区,是进出市区唯一的快速通道.以温岭市东环高架道路为例,对其进行实地监测从而了解其声环境,同时运用BREEZE NOISE软件模拟其噪声污染状况.根据监测模拟结果,从合理进行道路规划、装设声屏障和铺设低噪声路到提出高架复合道路噪声污染控制的对策建议.     

Thiolated arsenicals in arsenic metabolism: Occurrence, formation, and biological implications

Arsenic (As) is a notoriously toxic pollutant of health concern worldwide with potential risk of cancer induction, but meanwhile it is used as medicines for the treatment of different conditions including hematological cancers. Arsenic can undergo extensive metabolism in biological systems, and both toxicological and therapeutic effects of arsenic compounds are closely related to their metabolism. Recent studies have identified methylated thioarsenicals as a new class of arsenic metabolites in biological systems after exposure of inorganic and organic arsenicals, including arsenite, dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV), dimethylarsinous glutathione (DMAIIIGS), and arsenosugars. The increasing detection of thiolated arsenicals, including monomethylmonothioarsonic acid (MMMTAV), dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTAV) and its glutathione conjugate (DMMTAVGS), and dimethyldithioarsinic acid (DMDTAV) suggests that thioarsenicals may be important metabolites and play important roles in arsenic toxicity and therapeutic effects. Here we summarized the reported occurrence of thioarsenicals in biological systems, the possible formation pathways of thioarsenicals, and their toxicity, and discussed the biological implications of thioarsenicals on arsenic metabolism, toxicity, and therapeutic effects.     

Using a novel adsorbent macrocyclic compound cucurbit[8]uril for Pb removal from aqueous solution

In this study, cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) was utilized as a kind of new adsorbent to remove Pb^2 + ions from aqueous solution. With the solution pH increased from 2 to 6, the removal efficiency of adsorption increased from 55.6% to 74.5%correspondingly. The uptake of Pb^2 + increased rapidly in the initial 30 min, and then the adsorption rate became slower. The Pseudo-second order model could be used to interpret the adsorption kinetics satisfactorily; and the rate determining step in Pb^2 + adsorption onto CB[8] was the external mass transfer step. Equilibrium isotherm study reveals that the Langmuir model gave a better fitting result than Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir model was 152.67 mg/g for 298 K, 149.70 mg/g for 313 K and 136.42 mg/g for 323 K, respectively. The adsorption is a spontaneous process of exothermic nature. The effect of the adsorbent dosage and the influences of solution pH and co-existing cations were also investigated. The CB[8] was synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR, IR, ESI-MS spectra, SEM-EDAX, Zeta-potential and BET-analysis. The adsorption mechanism was due to the coordination between CB[8] molecule and Pb^2 + ions.     

云南省铅冶炼重金属类危险废物产排污系数研究

针对云南省的铅冶炼行业企业的原料、工艺、企业规模和固体废物的产生及处置情况进行全面调研,并选取代表性企业分析工艺及产排污环节.重点研究铅冶炼企业重金属类危险废物产生规律,借助物料衡算、实测法核算和经验估值等方法分析计算,获取中铅冶炼行业生产过程重金属类危险废物的产生和排放系数.本研究获取危险废物产排污系数可用于排污申报登记、排污收费、核定许可排污量、环境影响评价、标准制定、清洁生产审计等工作,为云南省危险废物环境管理提供理论参考.     

Distribution and mode of occurrence of uranium in bottom ash derived from high-germanium coals

The radioactivity of uranium in radioactive coal bottom ash(CBA) may be a potential danger to the ambient environment and human health. Concerning the limited research on the distribution and mode of occurrence of uranium in CBA, we herein report our investigations into this topic using a number of techniques including a five-step Tessier sequential extraction, hydrogen fluoride(HF) leaching, Siroquant(Rietveld) quantification, magnetic separation, and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA). The Tessier sequential extraction showed that the uranium in the residual and Fe–Mn oxide fractions was dominant(59.1%and 34.9%, respectively). The former was mainly incorporated into aluminosilicates,retained with glass and cristobalite, whereas the latter was especially enriched in the magnetic fraction, of which about 50% was present with magnetite(Fe_3O_4) and the rest in other iron oxides. In addition, the uranium in the magnetic fraction was 2.6 times that in the non-magnetic fraction. The experimental findings in this work may be important for establishing an effective strategy to reduce radioactivity from CBA for the protection of our local environment.     

Process analysis of characteristics of the boundary layer during a heavy haze pollution episode in an inland megacity, China

Ground observation data from 8 meteorological stations in Xi'an, air mass concentration data from 13 environmental quality monitoring sites in Xi'an, as well as radiosonde observation and wind profile radar data, were used in this study. Thereby, the process, causes and boundary layer meteorological characteristics of a heavy haze episode occurring from 16 to 25 December 2013 in Xi'an were analyzed. Principal component analysis showed that this haze pollution was mainly caused by the high-intensity emission and formation of gaseous pollutants (NO₂, CO and SO₂) and atmospheric particles (PM_2.5 (fine particles) and PM₁₀ (respirable suspended particle). The second cause was the relative humidity and continuous low temperature. The third cause was the allocation of the surface pressure field. The presence of a near-surface temperature inversion at the boundary layer formed favorable stratification conditions for the formation and maintenance of heavy haze pollution. The persistent thick haze layer weakened the solar radiation. Meanwhile, a warming effect in the urban canopy layer and in the transition zone from the urban friction sublayer to the urban canopy was indicated. All these conditions facilitated the maintenance and reinforcement of temperature inversion. The stable atmospheric stratification finally acted on the wind field in the boundary layer, and further weakened the exchange capacity of vertical turbulence. The superposition of a wind field with the horizontal gentle wind induced the typical air stagnation and finally caused the deterioration of air quality during this haze event.     

论地方水污染防治立法的创新——以北京市为例

2008年国家颁布了新的《水污染防治法》,但是国家的法律往往是对全国主要水污染问题的总体规定,地方的具体问题还需相应的地方法规予以保障。针对北京市水污染防治的主要问题,《北京市水污染防治条例》在完善管理体制、明确政府部门职责、保障生态环境用水等方面细化了国家法律的相关条款,在污泥处理处置、污水资源化等方面填补了法律空白,体现了地方立法的创新,对其他地方政府的立法工作具有一定借鉴作用。     

浅析重大危险源监控系统的建设

介绍了重大危险源监控系统建设中所涉及的硬件建设和软件建设两方面的内容。硬件建设即网络建设,主要介绍了设备和网络的建设;软件建设即系统开发,主要介绍了系统功能建设和GIS平台建设。