热喷处理污泥及其复混肥的养分效率与生物效应

采用室内分析和田间生物试验，研究了热喷处理污泥及其复混肥的养分供应能力及它们在农地上施用对土壤肥力、青菜产量及其品质的影响。结果表明：热喷处理能有效杀灭污泥中病原物，除自，并可使污泥中水溶性有机碳和速效氮含量分别提高87％，19％和35％，施用热喷污泥制成的复混肥不但比等养分的无机复合肥多增产38％，而且青菜体内Vc和水溶性总糖等营养品质也有明显的提高，NO3^-却只有无机复合肥处理的一半左右，污泥经势喷处理有利于提高污泥中养分的生物有效性，特别是热喷污泥制成的复混肥氮磷养分利用率显著高于无机复合肥，施用污泥和污泥复混肥还能提高土壤肥力，比单纯大量施用污泥要安全得多，土地使用年限可延长40倍。     

再生铅冶炼对土壤环境影响及其评价和环境管理

再生铅冶炼是对废弃物的循环利用,防治铅污染的重要手段,但冶炼中处置不当,会引起土壤污染,再生铅冶炼对土壤环境的影响,首先进行环境影响识别,并根据冶炼中铅的排放强度和铅的生物地球化学循环规律来阐明其排放特点和进入土壤的途径,通过再生铅冶炼项目环境影响评价的实例,探讨了土壤环境质量的现状分析、评价和预测等研究方法,并提出严格执行环境影响评价制度和“三同时”制度,强化建设项目本身的环境管理和完善土壤环境质量标准等土壤环境管理措施。     

环境生物技术

环境生物技术作为一门新兴边缘学科在解决环境污染问题上具有很大的潜力。主要介绍了环境生物技术在各方面的研究应用进展 ,并指出环境生物技术的发展趋势和应用前景     

离子选择电极法与离子色谱法测量低浓度氟化物比较

用离子选择电极法、离子色谱法两种方法对氟化物国家标准样品进行测量,通过比较发现两种方法测量国家标样低浓度样品时有显著差异.     

渤海海域船舶防污设备铅封的可行性

从船舶排污口确认、船舶防污设备铅封要求和方法等方面，介绍说明渤海海域船舶防污设备铅封的可行性。     

Selective extraction of trace mercury and cadmium from drinking water sources.

In this paper, a new alternative method, i.e., selective extraction by weakly basic anion exchange resin, has been developed for the removal of trace cadmium and mercury ions from drinking water sources. The mechanism of heavy metal removal is based on selective extraction as the results of LEWIS-base-acid interactions. Transfer of trace mercury species from liquid to resin phase coincides well with the performance of film diffusion. The results demonstrated that the presence of chlorine has a negligible influence on the removal of mercury. However, humic acids can strongly bind mercury by the formation of complex compounds and therefore become the obstacle in the diffusion progress. At neutral or base pH, the resin material exhibits the favorable uptake of heavy metals. In filter experiments, the studied resin material offers favorable properties in the selective extraction of trace mercury and cadmium.     

Removal of ammonia by biofilters: a study with flow-modified system and kinetics

The characteristics of ammonia removal by two types of biofilter (a standard biofilter with vertical gas flow and a modified biofilter with horizontal gas flow) were investigated. A mixture of organic materials such as compost, bark, and peat was used as the biofilter media based on the small-scale column test for media selection. Complete removal capacity, defined as the maximum inlet load of ammonia that was completely removed, was obtained. The modified biofilter showed complete removal up to 1.0 g N/kg dry material/day. However, the removal capacity of the standard biofilter started to deviate from complete removal around 0.4 g N/kg dry material/day, indicating that the modified biofilter system has higher removal efficiency than the standard upflow one. In kinetic analysis of the biological removal of ammonia in each biofilter system, the maximum removal rate, Vm, was 0.93 g N/kg dry material/day and the saturation constant, Ks, was 32.55 ppm in the standard biofilter. On the other hand, the values of Vm and Ks were 1.66 g N/kg dry material/day and 74.25 ppm, respectively, in the modified biofilter system.     

Progress in developing an ANN model for air pollution index forecast

An air pollution index (API) reporting system is introduced to selected cities of China for public communication on air quality data. Shanghai is the first city in China providing daily average API reports and forecasts. This paper describes the development of an artificial neural network (ANN) model for the API forecasting in Shanghai. It is a multiple layer perceptron (MLP) network, with meteorological forecasting data as the main input, to output the next day average API values. However, the initial version of the MLP model did not work well. To improve the model, a series of tests were conducted with respect to the training method and structure optimization. Based on the test results, the training algorithm was modified and a new model was built. The new model is now being used in Shanghai for API forecasting. Its performance is shown reasonably well in comparison with observation. The application of the old model was only weakly correlated with observation. In 1-year application, the correlation coefficients were 0.2314, 0.1022 and 0.1710 for TSP, SO₂ and NO_x, respectively. But for the new model, for over 8 months application, the correlation coefficients are raised to 0.6056, 0.6993 and 0.6300 for PM₁₀, SO₂, and NO₂. Further, the new algorithm does not rely on manpower intervention so that it is now being applied in several other Chinese cities with quite different meteorological conditions. The structure of the model and the application results are presented in this paper and also the problems to be further studied.     

手性污染物环境行为的对映体差异性

环境中手性污染物对映体选择性行为的研究历史不长 ,但由于手性化合物对映体生物活性的差异性 ,手性污染物在环境中的对映体选择性行为已愈来愈引起人们的关注。本文对近 10多年来手性污染物的环境行为研究进行全面评述     

有关中国东南沿海土地资源调查研究的几点思考

我国东南沿海土地资源可分为五大类、四大区.过去,中国东南沿海土地利用与调查存在的问题有:耕地面积锐减,土地资源利用程度有待提高,土地质量退化(水土流失、滨海土壤盐渍化,水稻土潜育化及次生潜育化,土地污染严重等),土地资源调查结果有待更新.新一轮国土资源综合调查(1:25万)的内容有:成土因素,土地利用类型、土地覆盖现状与发展态势,土地适宜性,土壤化学等;专项调查(1:5万)的内容有:盐渍土,侵蚀土(水土流失),土壤环境质量,农业土壤地质等.重点研究内容应为:水土保持措施与土地灾害的防治;盐土改良、滩涂综合治理、开发模式及其应用;矿集区土壤生态环境负效应及其恢复整治对策;沿海平原和三角洲地区岩土水生系统物质能量循环机理及其生理生态效应;土地利用类型时空分布、演化监(预)测系统等.最后,作者还对土地资源调查的方案作了初步的论述.