Application of Neomysis awatschensis as a standard marine toxicity test organism in China

The small mysid crustacean Neomysis awatschensis was collected in the west coast of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China in 1992 and acclimated and cultured in laboratory conditions since then. Standard acute toxicity tests using 4--6 d juvenile mysids of this species were conducted and the results were compared with Mysidopsis bahia, a standard toxicity test organism used in the US in terms of their sensitivities to reference toxins, as well as their taxonomy, morphology and geographic distributions. Because of its wide distribution along the Chinese coast, similar sensitivity to pollutants as M. bahia, short life history, small size and the ease of handling, this study intended to use N-awatschensis as one of the standard marine organisms for toxicity testing in China. The species were applied to acute toxicity evaluations of drilling fluid and its additives, organotin TPT and toxic algae, and to chronic (life cycle) toxicity assays of organotin TPT and a toxic dinofalgellate Alexandrium tamarense, respectively. Using N. awatschensis as a standard toxicity testing organism in marine pollution assment in China is suegested.     

关于塑性应变比的测定

此文用直接法和间接法研究了δ值和计算方法对γ值的影响。发现γ值基本上与δ无关。δ只影响其测量精度,δ愈大愈有利于提高γ的测量精度。计算方法对γ值的影响只在δ值较小时。随δ增大,计算方法的影响逐步消除。     

湿式除尘器烟气带水的分析及其解决办法

本文论述了烟气简体内速度、筒体结构以及引出方式对湿式除尘器带水的影响.同时提出了严格控制烟气速度3-4m/s,改进除尘器的简体结构,烟气出口上方引出,增设脱水(除雾)装置等解决带水问题的办法.     

德国生活垃圾焚烧处理的管理政策

德国垃圾管理思路演变概述 通过立法对生活垃圾进行管理是德国垃圾管理体系中的关键环节.从1972年的《废弃物处理法》到1994年的《促进废弃物闭合循环管理及确保环境相容的处置废物法》（简称《循环经济法》）,都是德国政府为适应不同时期生活垃圾的性质和时代要求而制定的垃圾法,其中《循环经济法》的制定实施引导德国生活垃圾综合处理走向新的转折点--循环经济的开始.德国在世界上最早提出发展循环经济的思想.《循环经济法》是目前最完整地体现了废弃物减量化、资源化和无害化,并符合可持续发展要求的废弃物管理法,它强调了对垃圾的处理是为了实现整个资源、环境与经济的良性循环,而不再是对废弃物的简单处置.废弃物应是一种资源,应该加以回收利用,实现物质“从摇篮到坟墓再到摇篮”的闭合循环,充分体现了循环经济的思想.     

开发小区交通噪声环境影响分析技术探讨

经济开发区小区的建设会给区域噪声环境带来与单项工程建设不同的和更大的影响，其中交通噪声是区域环境噪声的重点，文章探讨了开发小区交通运输噪声环境影响分析与车流量预测和噪声预测的几种技术方法。     

草浆造纸黑液资源化综合利用

草浆造纸黑液污染负荷占造纸废水总污染负荷的90％以上，黑液的治理成了制约造纸企业发展的最大问题。通过对国内黑液排放污染现状的分析，提出了关于黑液资源化综合利用的途径，为解决造纸带来的污染提供了有益的参考。     

天津市生物医学垃圾管理与处置方法研究

生物医学垃圾是一类成分复杂并有特殊危害的废物。本文在调查研究了天津市和国内其它部分地区生物医学垃圾产生、处置管理和管理现状的前提下，针对天津市的一些情况的特点，提出了一些生物医学垃圾处置管理和对策建议。     

环境影响评价中的危害分析及其实例应用——中河化工厂罐区扩建工程的危害分析

环境中有毒、易燃、易爆等物质的泄漏将会在不同程度上对人体和周围环境造成伤害。为此建设项目（特别是化工行业）在进行环境影响评价时，必需对这些潜在的危害物质及其可能发生的事故进行危害分析。本文通过对天津中河化工厂罐区扩建工程的危害分析，给出了危害分析的基本过程及其分析的理论方法，以便为今后化工行业建设项目的危害分析提供一个理论参考。     

Designing monitoring networks to represent outdoor human exposure

Measurements of outdoor human exposure to suspended particulate matter (PM) are always constrained by available resources. An effective network design requires tradeoffs between variables measured, the number of sampling locations, sample duration, and sampling frequency. Sampling sites are needed to represent neighborhood and urban spatial scales with minimal influences from nearby sources. Although most PM measurements for determining compliance with standards are taken over 24-h periods every third to sixth day, outdoor human exposure assessment requires measurements taken continuously throughout the day, preferably over durations of 1 h or less. More detailed particle size and chemistry data are also desirable, as smaller size fractions and specific chemicals may be better indicators of adverse health effects than total mass samples.     

Method development for determination of fluroxypyr in soil

Four methods were developed for the analysis of fluroxypyr in soil samples from oil palm plantations. The first method involved the extraction of the herbicide with 0.05 M NaOH in methanol followed by purification using acid base partition. The concentrated material was subjected to derivatization and then cleaning process using a florisil column and finally analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) equipped with electron capture detector (ECD). By this method, the recovery of fluroxypyr from the spiked soil ranged from 70 to 104% with the minimum detection limit at 5 microg/kg. The second method involved solid liquid extraction of fluroxypyr using a horizontal shaker followed by quantification using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with UV detector. The recovery of fluroxypyr using this method, ranged from 80 to 120% when the soil was spiked with fluroxypyr at 0.1-0.2 microg/g soil. In the third method, the recovery of fluroxypyr was determined by solid liquid extraction using an ultrasonic bath. The recovery of fluroxypyr at spiking levels of 4-50 microg/L ranged from 88 to 98% with relative standard deviations of 3.0-5.8% with a minimum detection limit of 4 microg/kg. In the fourth method, fluroxypyr was extracted using the solid liquid extraction method followed by the cleaning up step with OASIS HLB (polyvinyl dibenzene). The recovery of fluroxypyr was between 91 and 95% with relative standard deviations of 4.2-6.2%, respectively. The limit of detection in method 4 was further improved to 1 pg/kg. When the weight of soil used was increased 4 fold, the recovery of fluroxypyr at spiking level of 1-50 microg/kg ranged from 82-107% with relative standard deviations of 0.5-4.7%.