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271.
Irene Mei Leng Chew Raymond R. Tan Dominic Chwan Yee Foo Anthony Shun Fung Chiu 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(18):1611-1619
Industrial water conservation is an important adaptation to the effects of climate change. In addition to water conservation within individual plants, wastewater can be reused/recycled among different companies through inter-plant water integration (IPWI) schemes. Such schemes are based on the concept of industrial ecology and industrial symbiosis, and can be used to achieve greater water savings than when water conservation is implemented in individual companies separately. However, in IPWI, each participating company seeks to maximise its own benefits. In the absence of centralised authority dictating the terms of water integration schemes, conventional modelling techniques are not appropriate. This paper shows how a game theory-based approach can be used to analyse the interaction of participating companies in an eco-industrial park seeking to develop an IPWI scheme. 相似文献
272.
Ma. Laurice Jamero Motoharu Onuki Miguel Esteban Nicholson Tan 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(8):2249-2260
Community-based adaptation (CBA) seeks to address climate risks and socio-economic drivers of vulnerability simultaneously. However, as CBA activities appear very similar to standard development work, difficulties in identifying good practices arise. To clarify the role of CBA, this study elucidated how climate change can impact pre-existing development problems by investigating the experiences of four low-lying island communities in central Philippines. The islands currently suffer from frequent and extreme tidal flooding (following an earthquake-induced land subsidence in 2013, with a magnitude that is broadly similar to sea-level rise projections under a 1.5 to 2 °C global warming scenario), and endured a dry spell in 2016. The study also identified various publicly and privately initiated adaptation strategies, and evaluated their resilience against actual biophysical events. The study conducted focus group discussions with local leaders and in-depth interviews with government officials and residents in March 2016. Results show that tidal flooding impacted almost all aspects of daily life on the islands, while the dry spell completely depleted their limited water supplies. The strategies implemented by governments and NGOs (e.g., seawalls, rainwater collectors) were found to be inadequate in preventing tidal flooding and compensating for the dry spell. Also, communities used coral stones and plastic waste for raising the floors of their homes, which have an erosive effect on their capacity to adapt in the long term. Lack of community participation in publicly initiated projects and lack of adaptation funding for community-based strategies were the greatest obstacles to implementing climate-resilient solutions. 相似文献
273.
Ni Qingjian Cao Xuehan Tan Chaoqun Peng Wenqiang Kang Xuying 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(5):11516-11529
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The analysis and prediction of water quality are of great significance to water quality management and pollution control. In general, current water... 相似文献
274.
战略环境评价(SEA)和可持续发展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
SEA的作用不仅仅在于将EIA(环境影响评价)扩展到更具战略意义的决策层,它还是迈向可持续发展的关键一步,它有助于从政策到计划、规划吧至最后的项目遵循可持续发展目标,SEA是联系目前正在进行的项目EIA和使人类活动达到维持环境质量这一目标的纽带,文章讨论了SEA开展的必要性,介绍了SEA的2种类型,结合英国开展的实例,论述了“遵循型”SEA的主要内容及其应用前景。 相似文献
275.
Zhixi Zhu Hongtao Bai He Xu Tan ZhuAuthor vitae 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》2011,31(6):538-548
Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) inherently needs to address greater levels of uncertainty in the formulation and implementation processes of strategic decisions, compared with project environmental impact assessment. The range of uncertainties includes internal and external factors of the complex system that is concerned in the strategy. Scenario analysis is increasingly being used to cope with uncertainty in SEA. Following a brief introduction of scenarios and scenario analysis, this paper examines the rationale for scenario analysis in SEA in the context of China. The state of the art associated with scenario analysis applied to SEA in China was reviewed through four SEA case analyses. Lessons learned from these cases indicated the word “scenario” appears to be abused and the scenario-based methods appear to be misused due to the lack of understanding of an uncertain future and scenario analysis. However, good experiences were also drawn on, regarding how to integrate scenario analysis into the SEA process in China, how to cope with driving forces including uncertainties, how to combine qualitative scenario storylines with quantitative impact predictions, and how to conduct assessments and propose recommendations based on scenarios. Additionally, the ways to improve the application of this tool in SEA were suggested. We concluded by calling for further methodological research on this issue and more practices. 相似文献
276.
Ghulam Akhmat Khalid Zaman Tan Shukui Danish Irfan Muhammad Mushtaq Khan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(9):5940-5951
The objective of the study is to examine the causal relationship between energy consumption and environmental pollutants in selected South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries, namely, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Srilanka, over the period of 1975–2011. The results indicate that energy consumption acts as an important driver to increase environmental pollutants in SAARC countries. Granger causality runs from energy consumption to environmental pollutants, but not vice versa, except carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Nepal where there exists a bidirectional causality between CO2 and energy consumption. Methane emissions in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Srilanka and extreme temperature in India and Srilanka do not Granger cause energy consumption via both routes, which holds neutrality hypothesis. Variance decomposition analysis shows that among all the environmental indicators, CO2 in Bangladesh and Nepal exerts the largest contribution to changes in electric power consumption. Average precipitation in India, methane emissions in Pakistan, and extreme temperature in Srilanka exert the largest contribution. 相似文献
277.
278.
This research aimed to study the effect of ultra-micro powder Dendrobium officinale on the molecular diversity of intestinal bacteria in mice with spleen-deficiency constipation, in order to provide scientific basis for ultra-micro D. officinale therapy. The mice with spleen-deficiency constipation in treatment groups were respectively given the traditional decoction of D. officinale and 50% dose ultra-micro powder D. officinale. The metagenome DNA of intestinal flora was extracted from intestinal contents. Then ARDRA analysis was made after PCR by universal primer of bacteria. The results showed that OTUs, Shannon index and Brillouin index were the same between the normal group and the 50% dose ultra-micro powder group, and between the model group and the traditional decoction group, but greater in the former two groups than the latter ones. The similarity coefficient (0.500 0) was bigger between the 50% dose ultra-micro powder group and the normal group than between the model group and the traditional decoction group, which was 0.181 8. Both cluster analysis and principal components analysis showed that the molecular diversity of intestinal microbiotia in mice of 50% dose ultra-micro powder group was the closest to that in the normal group. The results showed that the weakened molecular diversity of intestinal bacteria in mice with spleen-deficiency constipation can be regulated by the two kinds of D. officinale treatments to different extent. The efficacy of 50% dose ultra-micro powder D. officinale is better than the traditional decoction. 相似文献
279.
于2012—2013年6月和12月采集了内蒙古呼和浩特市大气颗粒物样品,用GC-MS分析测定其中16种PAHs的浓度,并用苯并(a)芘(Ba P)致癌、致突变等效浓度、终身致癌超额危险度和预期寿命损失3个指标评价了内蒙古呼和浩特市大气颗粒物TSP和PM_(10)中PAHs的人群健康风险。结果显示:内蒙古呼和浩特市大气颗粒物TSP和PM_(10)中PAHs对成人、儿童的日均暴露剂量范围分别为0.71×10~(-6)~2.01×10~(-6)、0.45×10~(-6)~1.28×10~(-6)和0.31×10~(-6)~2.41×10~(-6)、0.19×10~(-6)~1.15×10~(-6)mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1);TSP和PM_(10)中PAHs对成人和儿童的终身致癌超额危险度范围分别为2.21×10~(-6)~6.24×10~(-6)、1.41×10~(-6)~3.97×10~(-6)和0.95×10~(-6)~7.47×10~(-6)、0.60×10~(-6)~4.75×10~(-6),终身致癌超额危险度均处于可接受水平范围内(10-4~10~(-6))。TSP和PM_(10)中PAHs对成人和儿童的预期寿命损失范围分别为13.74~38.78、8.752~24.70和5.88~46.39、3.74~29.54 min。 相似文献
280.
基于宁夏地区22个气象站1971-2011年月降水量和月平均气温资料,综合考虑降水和蒸发,引入标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),分析该地区气象干旱变化情况,并在此基础上通过构建SPEI值与干旱等级的加权综合评价模型,评估该地区干旱致灾危险性,剖析其时空变化特征。结果表明:宁夏地区气象干旱呈显著加重趋势,年均SPEI值1972-2011年以0.37·(10a)-1的速率显著减小;该地区气象干旱呈现自南向北逐渐加重的空间分布格局,且干旱加重速度呈现由中部干旱带向南北分别递增的空间变化特征。1972-2011年,宁夏地区干旱致灾危险性呈显著增大趋势,干旱致灾危险性指数近40年减小速率为0.12·(10a)-1;该地区干旱致灾危险性在空间分布上表现为北部引黄灌区高于中南部地区,且危险性的增速呈现中部较缓、南北较快的空间变化特征。 相似文献