粘土制砖过程中固氟剂的研究

基于制砖时氟易与钙结合生成高温下较稳定的ＣａＦ２,从而降低氯化物逸出量,在试验分析２４种钙基物料固氟效果的基础上,选取效果较佳的６种分别在实验室和砖瓦厂进行优化添加比例试验,对其中途中 作了砖质检验,以研究其可能对成品砖质量的影响,并进行了相应的理论分析。     

无机盐对SO2—H2O—CaCO3气液固三相反应系统pH值的影响

研究了硫酸钠、硝酸钠和氯化钠及相应钙盐对石灰石浆液烟气脱硫条件下ＳＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ－ＣａＣＯ３气、液、固三相反应系统中ｐＨ值的影响。发现硫酸钠能明显提高系统的ｐＨ值，硝酸钠和氯化钠使ｐＨ值提高的幅度不大，而３种钙盐均使ｐＨ值降低。根据膜模型的分析结果，认为无机盐影响该反应系统ｐＨ值的主要原因是无机盐的加入改变了石灰石表面的ｐＨ值。     

Genotoxicity of surface water samples from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, Eastern China

Taihu Lake is the third largest freshwater lake in China. Taihu Basin is one of the most densely populated and urbanized areas in this country. This area provides 15% of the GDP. Meiliang Bay is located in the north part of the Lake. It provides the municipal water source for Wuxi City. Some parts of the lake have been found to be highly polluted due to eutrophication for over a decade. Surface water (0-0.5 m) samples were collected from the Meiliang Bay by the aid of Global Position System (GPS) for positioning. Water samples were concentrated 5000 times with XAD-2 resin columns. A reverse mutation test using histidine-dependent Salmonella typhimurium strains was employed to assay the genotoxicity of the samples. The results showed that the sample from position 6 had the highest genotoxicity either in the case of activating with eucaryotic S9 system or without S9. The genotoxic effect included, at least, two different molecular mechanisms: nucleotide point substitution on DNA molecules and reading frame shifting caused by nucleotide insertion or deletion. The genotoxicity of the water body in Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake should be kept in close monitoring.     

建筑弃土与污泥堆肥混合配制营养土对园林植物的影响

使用建筑弃土与污泥堆肥配制营养土并应用于园林绿化。以凤仙花为研究对象,通过盆栽实验观察和对比分析了凤仙花从播种到开花整个生命过程的生长指标,并对其结果进行模糊评价。结果表明,凤仙花播种期和生长期各生长指标随着营养土中堆肥含量的增加而增加,并在堆肥施用量30%时达到最佳;营养土中的重金属对凤仙花的生长速度有抑制效应,主要集中在播种期和生长期初期,随着凤仙花的生长成熟,重金属的胁迫效应持续减少,并在成熟期显著降低,重金属对凤仙花地表部分的抑制更为明显;建筑弃土与污泥堆肥配制的营养土对园林植物营养效果良好,成熟期的凤仙花生物量大幅度增加,最大增幅550%;通过模糊评价并综合考虑配置方案,最佳堆肥施用量为30%。     

暴雨内涝对城市社区居民出行影响的初步分析——以上海市普陀区金沙居委地区为例

开展城市社区暴雨内涝模拟,初步分析受影响的居民数量.以上海市普陀区金沙居委地区为案例,利用上海市暴雨经验公式计算重现期为50年、100年、500年三种不同情景下的1h降水量,以修正的SCS模型计算径流量.结合上海市排水管网系统的运行状况和实测的研究区相对高程,模拟9种不同情景下暴雨积水的淹没深度,分析不同情景下受影响的房屋分布和对居民出行的影响.随着暴雨强度的增强,排水管网系统功能的失效,积水区域由研究区中部不断扩大.在重现期为500年的情景下,在排水系统完全失效的情况下,最大淹没深度可达0.405 m,道路积水影响出行的人数达到5 970人,占研究区总人口数的87％,已经严重影响到当地居民的日常生活和出行.     

四川省泥石流预报的区域临界雨量指标研究

本文在讨论四川泥石流分区的基础上,论述了区域泥石流临界雨量指标的确定方法及应用问题。并制定了四川泥石流预报的区域临界日雨量和临界小时雨强指标。     

Enhanced adsorption of hexavalent chromium by a biochar derived from ramie biomass (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Boehmeria nivea</Emphasis> (L.) Gaud.) modified with β-cyclodextrin/poly(L-glutamic acid)

This paper explored biochar modification to enhance biochar’s ability to adsorb hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution. The ramie stem biomass was pyrolyzed and then treated by β-cyclodextrin/poly(L-glutamic acid) which contained plentiful functional groups. The pristine and modified biochar were characterized by FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, specific surface area, and zeta potential measurement. Results indicated that the β-cyclodextrin/poly(L-glutamic acid) was successfully bound to the biochar surface. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics, and adsorption/desorption of Cr(VI). Adsorption capacities of CGA-biochar were significantly higher than that of the untreated biochar, and its maximum adsorption capacity could reach up to 197.21 mg/g at pH 2.0. Results also illustrated that sorption performance depended on initial solution pH; in addition, acidic condition was beneficial to the Cr(VI) uptake. Furthermore, the Cr(VI) uptake was significantly affected by the ion strength and cation species. This study demonstrated that CGA-biochar could be a potential adsorbent for Cr(VI) pollution control.     

油茶籽饼粕有机脱毒及作猪饲料的营养价值

本文通过对油茶饼粕脱毒和营养成分的研究,结合含15%脱毒茶饼试验日粮作喂猪试验,得到当浸提次数 n=5次时,饼粕中皂素含量小于3%,喂猪的适口性好,且无毒理反应,脱毒茶饼中蛋白质含量达23.04%,可作为蛋白质饲料进行开发。     

保氮增效剂调节氮肥施用量和利用率研究——Ⅰ.保氮增效剂在玉米生产中的应用效果

田间试验和示范表明,在玉米作物生产中施用兼具多元素复合和氮肥加价作用的保氮增效剂,可显著地改善植株性状,促果穗增长增粗,使秃尖率下降、穗粒数和百粒重增加。保氮增效剂用量为玉米施氮肥量的2.92%～4.99%,玉米增产51.5～68.4kg/亩。肥料报酬提高2.2～2.6倍,增收经济效益达34.1～44.7元/亩。