南亚热带丘陵土壤水分循环及其有效性的研究──Ⅲ.降雨入渗与地表径流

南亚热带高温多雨,年降雨量大而分布不均,台风雨季节降雨强度大,全年降雨多集中在4～9月,占全年的80％以上,因而大大地增加了降雨所引起的地表径流,径流也主要集中在多雨季节,特别是在5～8月,占全年降雨径流量的90％左右,形成了南亚热带坡地独特的地表径流特征．南亚热带的降雨入渗对表土层的影响较大,在暴雨过程中,0～30cm土层水分易产生饱和,因而易产生地表径流,从而减少水分入渗．这对作物生长产生不利的影响．     

交联壳聚糖乙酸酯冠醚对金属离子的吸附性能研究

本文合成了二苯并-16-冠-5-氯代乙酸酯冠醚和3,5-二叔丁基-二苯并-14-冠-4-双氯代乙酸酯冠醚,然后分别将之与交联壳聚糖(简称CCTS)反应,制备了交联壳聚糖二苯并-16-冠-5-乙酸酯冠醚(简称CCTS-1)和交联壳聚糖3,5-二叔丁基-二苯并-14-冠-4-双乙酸酯冠醚(简称CCTS-2),并研究了它们对Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+),Cr~(3+),Ni~(2+),Cd~(2+)的吸附性能。结果表明:这两种吸附剂对pb~(2+),Cu~(2+)有较高的吸附选择性。     

Rare earth elements tracing the soil erosion processes on slope surface under natural rainfall

A field experiment using rare earth elements (REEs) as tracers was conducted to investigate soil erosion processes on slope surfaces during rainfall events. A plot of 10 m × 2 m × 0.16 m with a gradient of 20° (36.4%) was established and the plot was divided into two layers and four segments. Various REE tracers were applied to the different layers and segments to determine sediment dynamics under natural rainfall. Results indicated that sheet erosion accounted for more than 90% of total erosion when the rainfall amount and density was not large enough to generate concentrated flows. Sediment source changed in different sections on the slope surface, and the primary sediment source area tended to move upslope as erosion progressed. In rill erosion, sediment discharge mainly originated from the toe-slope and moved upwards as erosion intensified. The results obtained from this study suggest that multi-REE tracer technique is valuable in understanding the erosion processes and determining sediment sources.     

二级活性炭生物流化床深度处理有机胺废水研究

采用二级活性炭生物流化床工艺深度处理有机胺废水,研究了有机容积负荷、NH3-N容积负荷以及曝气间歇对COD、NH3-N去除效果的影响.结果表明:当有机容积负荷为0.94～2.38 kg COD/(m3·d)时,二级流化床对COD的去除率为80.6%～95.5%,比一级流化床的抗有机负荷冲击的能力更强;当NH3-N容积负...     

Levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in selected foods and estimated dietary intake for the local residents of Luqiao and Yuhang in Zhejiang, China

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were measured by high resolution gas chromatograph/high resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS) in six food groups from Luqiao (LQ) where the e-waste has been recycled and from Yuhang (YH) where the agriculture dominates in Zhejiang Province in China. The total WHO-TEQ values of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in selected foods from LQ were significantly much higher than those from YH. The highest level of the total WHO-TEQ was in crucian carp (10.87 pg g(-1) w.w.) followed by duck (3.77 pg g(-1) w.w.), hen eggs (2.80 pg g(-1) w.w.), chicken (2.43 pg g(-1) w.w.), rice (0.08 pg g(-1) w.w.) and vegetables (0.022 pg g(-1) w.w.) in LQ. By contrast, the highest levels were measured in duck (0.74 pg g(-1) w.w.) followed by hen eggs (0.69 pg g(-1) w.w.), crucian carp (0.55 pg g(-1) w.w.), chicken (0.44 pg g(-1) w.w.), vegetables (0.002 pg g(-1) w.w.) and rice (0.0002 pg g(-1) w.w.) in YH, respectively. The monthly intake of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs for the local residents was 401.75 pg WHO-TEQ g(-1) w.w. in LQ, which is above the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI) set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). We determined a monthly intake of 37.13 pg WHO-TEQ g(-1)w.w. in YH, which is below the PTMI. Crucian carp was the predominant contributor to the estimated monthly intake (EMI), accounting for 67.74% and 36.51% in LQ and YH, respectively. High levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in selected foods indicate severe contamination of these pollutants in the e-waste recycling site.     

Influence of sintering temperature on the characteristics of shale brick containing oil well-derived drilling waste

Introduction  

The influence of sintering temperature on the physico-mechanical characteristics (such as water absorption, apparent porosity, bulk density, weight loss on ignition, firing shrinkage, and compressive strength), leachability, and microstructure of shale brick containing oil well-derived drilling waste (DW) was investigated.     

V/Ce共掺杂TiO2光催化降解甲醛的实验研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不掺杂、V掺杂、Ce掺杂、V/Ce共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂,并将其分别负载于瓷砖上,利用X射线衍射分析（XRD）和扫描电镜分析（SEM）技术对薄膜样品的结构和形貌进行了表征。通过对甲醛的降解实验评价光催化剂的光催化活性。实验结果表明,光催化剂的负载量、共掺杂离子的掺杂量、掺杂配比、煅烧温度影响纳米TiO2的光催化活性。V/Ce共掺杂TiO2光催化剂产生了协同效应,其光催化活性优于纯TiO2和单掺杂TiO2样品。     

基于职业病报告数据的监测预警系统设计

为了对单病种职业病的预防控制水平、某类职业病的预防控制水平进行动态评估和决策,运用信息监测预警的基本原理和理论,整理分析职业病报告数据,提出基于职业病报告的监测预警指标体系,构建出基于职业病报告数据的监测预警体系和运行模式。通过该监测预警系统的运行,可以科学的判断出应重点控制的职业病种（发病率高、发病工龄短、潜伏期短、病死率高、后果严重的职业病）,应重点控制的高危地区、高危行业、高危工种、高危人群,针对具体职业病病种应重点控制的影响因素等。     

Exposure to persistent organic pollutants in utero and related maternal characteristics on birth outcomes: a multivariate data analysis approach

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have the capacity to pass through the placental barrier and into the fetal blood stream, and pose health risks to fetuses and neonates who are believed to be more vulnerable to the effects of environmental pollutants. In this study, the prevalence of POPs, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs), were determined in 41 cord blood samples collected during the year 2006 in Singapore. The effects of these xenobiotics and the maternal characteristics on fetal growth and development were explored using multivariate data analysis (MVA) techniques, including partial least-squares regression (PLSR) and discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). POPs were found in all cord blood samples, corroborating the transplacental transfer (TPT) of these xenobiotics. Chlordanes and PCBs were observed to have adverse effects on fetal growth (i.e. birth weight, length, head circumference) and health (as indicated by Apgar scores), indicating the chemical exposure in utero could also be deemed as an influential factor on fetal growth, even at the normal doses in general population. Maternal height, weight, ethnicity, dietary habits and lifestyle were also the determinants for the neonatal variables. Exposure to POPs may alter maternal hormone levels, which could regulate the offspring sex. Trans-chlordane, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT and PCB 138 and 158 were speculated as testosterone triggers which lead to more baby boys, while the effects of beta-HCH and PCB 180 were opposite.     

SOA from methylglyoxal in clouds and wet aerosols: Measurement and prediction of key products

Aqueous OH radical oxidation of methylglyoxal in clouds and wet aerosols is a potentially important global and regional source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We quantify organic acid products of the aqueous reaction of methylglyoxal (30–3000 μM) and OH radical (approx. 4 × 10^?12 M), model their formation in the reaction vessel and investigate how the starting concentrations of precursors and the presence of acidic sulfate (0–840 μM) affect product formation. Predicted products were observed. The predicted temporal evolution of oxalic acid, pyruvic acid and total organic carbon matched observations at cloud relevant concentrations (30 μM), validating this methylglyoxal cloud chemistry, which is currently being implemented in some atmospheric models of SOA formation. The addition of sulfuric acid at cloud relevant concentrations had little effect on oxalic acid yields. At higher concentrations (3000 μM), predictions deviate from observations. Larger carboxylic acids (≥C₄) and other high molecular weight products become increasingly important as concentration increases, suggesting that small carboxylic acids are the major products in clouds while larger carboxylic acids and oligomers are important products in wet aerosols.