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61.
The Patagonian coast is considered a relatively pristine environment. However, studies conducted along coastal Patagonia have
showed hydrocarbon pollution mostly concentrated at ports that have fishing, oil loading, general merchant, and/or tourist
activities. A high value of total aliphatic hydrocarbons (TAH) was found at the Rawson fishing port (741 μg/g dw). In other
ports with and without petroleum-related activities, hydrocarbon values were approximately 100 μg/g dw. The highest values
for TAH and total aromatic hydrocarbons (TArH) were found in Faro Aristizábal, north of San Jorge gulf (1304 and 737 μg/g
dw, respectively). This is very likely the result of petroleum-related activities at the Comodoro Rivadavia, Caleta Cordova,
and Caleta Olivia ports located within this gulf. In other coastal areas away from potential anthropogenic sources, hydrocarbon
values were less than 2 and 3 μg/g dw for TAH and TArH, respectively. This review of published and unpublished information
suggests that ports are important oil pollution sources in the Patagonian coast. More detailed studies are needed to evaluate
the area affected by port activities, to understand the mechanisms of hydrocarbon distribution in surrounding environments,
and to assess bioaccumulation in marine organisms. Despite that some regulations exist to control oil pollution derived from
port and docked vessel activities, new and stricter management guidelines should be implemented. 相似文献
62.
Bueno M Fillat MF Strasser RJ Maldonado-Rodriguez R Marina N Smienk H Gómez-Moreno C Barja F 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2004,11(2):98-106
INTENTION, GOAL, SCOPE, BACKGROUND: Cyanobacteria have the natural ability to degrade moderate amounts of organic pollutants. However, when pollutant concentration exceeds the level of tolerance, bleaching of the cells and death occur within 24 hours. Under stress conditions, cyanobacterial response includes the short-term adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to light quality, named state transitions. Moreover, prolonged stresses produce changes in the functional organization of phycobilisomes and in the core-complexes of both photosystems, which can result in large changes in the PS II fluorescence yield. The localization of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) at the ends of some peripheral rods of the cyanobacterial phycobilisomes, makes this protein a useful marker to check phycobilisome integrity. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this work is to improve the knowledge of the mechanism of action of a very potent pesticide, lindane (gamma-hexaclorociclohexane), in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp., which can be considered a potential candidate for bioremediation of pesticides. We have studied the effect of lindane on the photosynthetic apparatus of Anabaena using fluorescence induction studies. As ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase plays a key role in the response to oxidative stress in several systems, changes in synthesis, degradation and activity of FNR were analyzed. Immunolocalization of this enzyme was used as a marker of phycobilisome integrity. The knowledge of the changes caused by lindane in the photosynthetic apparatus is essential for rational further design of genetically-modified cyanobacteria with improved biorremediation abilities. METHODS: Polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence rise measurements (OJIP) have been used to evaluate the vitality and stress adaptation of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7119 in the presence of increasing concentrations of lindane. Effects of the pesticide on the ultrastructure have been investigated by electron microscopy, and FNR has been used as a marker of phycobilisome integrity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Cultures of Anabaena sp. treated with moderate amounts of lindane showed a decrease in growth rate followed by a recovery after 72 hours of pesticide treatment. Concentrations of lindane below 5 ppm increased the photosynthetic performance and activity of the cells. Higher amounts of pesticide caused a decrease in these activities which seems to be due to a non-competitive inhibition of PS II. Active PS II units are converted into non-QA reducing, so called heat sink centers. Specific activity and amount of FNR in lindane-treated cells were similar to the values measured in control cultures. Release of FNR from the thylakoid after 48 hours of exposure to 5 ppm of lindane towards the cytoplasm was detected by immunogold labeling and electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: From these results, we conclude that the photosynthetic performance and activity of the cells are slightly increased in the presence of lindane up to 5 ppm. Moreover, in those conditions, lindane did not produce significant changes in the synthesis, degradation or activity of FNR. The high capability of Anabaena to tolerate lindane makes this cyanobacterium a good candidate for phytoremediation of polluted areas. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: The results of this study show that cultures of Anabaena PCC 7119 tolerate lindane up to 5 ppm, without significant changes in the photosynthetic vitality index of the cells. However, a slight increase in phycobiliprotein synthesis is observed, which is related to total protein content. This change might be due to degradation of proteins less stable than phycobiliproteins. An identification of the proteins with altered expression pattern in the presence of the pesticide remains the subject of further work and will provide valuable information for the preparation of strains which are highly tolerant to lindane. 相似文献
63.
Fuster G Schuhmacher M Domingo JL 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(4):241-249
Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) is an important instrument that allows for the undertaking of environmental management for a specific contaminant. 'Control Analysis' is a tool that assesses the effect on a target flow of changes in flows forming part of a control basis set. The purpose of the present study was to perform a modeling of the annual PCDD/F flows in Tarragona Province and to apply the model for human health risk assessment. The validation of the model has been evaluated by comparing estimated fluxes with experimental values. Eleven subsystems, as well as a set of 88 flows of the system in Tarragona Province were considered. The total PCDD/F accumulation in Tarragona Province was between 62.6 and 159.5 g I-TEQ/y. Accumulation in sediments (27.9-74.6 g I-TEQ/y) and soils (35.0-80.8 g I-TEQ/y) are the two principal modes of deposition. Estimated flow in human adipose tissue means a mean intake of PCDD/F (via ingestion and inhalation) of 243 pg I-TEQ/person/day. The food chain pathway accounts for 99% of the total daily intake. As a result of the simulation, a 100% decrease in industrial emissions would cause a 1.7% reduction in the PCDD/F accumulation in humans. In turn, a 100% reduction of PCDD/Fs in the industrial waste waters would cause only an insignificant 0.1% decrease in the accumulation of PCDD/Fs in humans. 相似文献
64.
Marmiroli M Antonioli G Maestri E Marmiroli N 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,134(2):217-227
European walnut (Juglans regia) plants were grown in pots, on peat soil contaminated with lead (Pb), for four years. European walnut was chosen because it grows in Mediterranean climates, it yields a high biomass, and a fine quality wood. In the above ground parts Pb concentration was 1000 times lower than in roots: in 50 g roots there was 450 mg of Pb. Microanalysis of roots found in periderm more than 50% of the total root Pb. Pb L(III) EXAFS spectroscopy was performed on: root powder from Pb-exposed plants, Pb-impregnated cellulose and lignin. Comparison of plant material with lignin and cellulose helped to envisage a plant disposal strategy for Pb. This may consist in establishing links with large organic molecules, which are abundant constituents of cell walls. EXAFS spectroscopy evidenced the presence of Pb-O bindings within the ligno-cellulosic structure in roots. Lead was scantly conveyed to the shoots, giving to walnut plants an added asset in Pb phytostabilization. 相似文献
65.
Fuster G Schuhmacher M Domingo JL 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2001,8(2):91-94
The present study was intended to establish an inventory of PCDD/F emissions in Tarragona Province (Catalonia, NE Spain), as a preliminary phase in the development of a flow analysis of PCDD/Fs in this Province. In 1999, global PCDD/F emissions reached a value of 2.24 g I-TEQ/y, which means a density of 3.8 micrograms I-TEQ/inhabitant/y. The low amount of PCDD/Fs emitted to air by the only municipal solid waste incinerator in the Province (approximately 0.04% of the total) has been one of the most notable results. As a reflection of uncertainties in the estimates for individual sources, the 90th percentiles of PCDD/F releases for 1999 ranged up to 4.1 g I-TEQ/y. 相似文献
66.
Marta C. Soares Sónia C. Cardoso Isabelle M. Côté 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(7):1015-1022
Predation risk is amongst the most pervasive selective pressures influencing behaviour and animals have been repeatedly shown
to trade-off foraging success for safety. We examined the nature of this trade-off in cleaning symbioses amongst Caribbean
coral reef fishes. We predicted that cleaning gobies (Elacatinus evelynae and Elacatinus prochilos) should prefer fish clients that pose a low risk of predation (e.g. herbivores) over clients that may have more ectoparasites
but pose a higher risk (e.g. piscivores). Our field observations revealed that cleaners did clean preferentially client species
with more parasites but predatory and non-predatory clients had similar ectoparasite loads. Despite the lack of a foraging
advantage for inspecting predators, cleaners did not avoid risky clients. On the contrary, a larger proportion of visiting
predators than non-predators was inspected, gobies initiated more interactions with predatory clients, and predators were
attended to immediately upon arrival at cleaning stations. This preferential treatment of dangerous clients may allow the
rapid identification of cleaners as non-prey item or may be due to the effect of predators on the rest of the cleaners’ clientele,
which avoided cleaning stations whilst predators were present. Dealing with potentially risky clients may allow gobies to
regain access to their main food source: non-predatory clients. 相似文献
67.
Michał Jakiel Anita Bernatek-Jakiel Agnieszka Gajda Maciej Filiks Marta Pufelska 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2019,62(2):286-305
The existence of illegal dumping continues to be a worldwide problem, even in nature protected areas, and its distribution is not random. An understanding of the distribution of illegal dumping sites is crucial for the enhancement of effective waste management systems. Therefore, this study aims at a better understanding of spatial and temporal changes to illegal dumping sites in a nature protected area (the Ojców National Park) from 1994 to 2016. The most important spatial factors that control the distribution of illegal dumping sites were the distance from roads and from the field-forest edge. In the last two decades, the number of small dumping sites has increased, whereas the number of large illegal dumping sites has decreased. Moreover, this study presents a model of the potential occurrence of illegal dumping sites, which indicates places that should be under the control of the national park and of local authorities. 相似文献
68.
Marta Diez-Valcarce Petros Kokkinos Kirsi S?derberg Martijn Bouwknegt Kris Willems Ana Maria de Roda-Husman Carl-Henrik von Bonsdorff Maria Bellou Marta Hernández Leena Maunula Apostolos Vantarakis David Rodríguez-Lázaro 《Food and environmental virology》2012,4(2):73-80
In this study, the prevalence of different enteric viruses in commercial mussels was evaluated at the retail level in three European countries (Finland, Greece and Spain). A total of 153 mussel samples from different origins were analysed for human norovirus (NoV) genogroups I and II, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV). Human adenovirus (HAdV) was also tested as an indicator of human faecal contamination. A full set of controls (such as sample process control, internal amplification controls, and positive and negative controls) were implemented during the process. The use of a sample process control allowed us to calculate the efficiencies of extraction, which ranged from 79 to 0.5?%, with an average value of 10?%. Samples were positive in 41?% of cases, with HAdV being the most prevalent virus detected (36?%), but no significant correlation was found between the presence of HAdV and human NoV, HAV and HEV. The prevalences of human norovirus genogroup II, HEV and human NoV genogroup I were 16, 3 and 0.7?%, respectively, and HAV was not detected. The estimated number of PCR detectable units varied between 24 and 1.4?×?103?g?1 of digestive tract. Interestingly, there appeared to be a significant association between the type of mussel species (M. galloprovincialis) and the positive result of samples, although a complete overlap between country and species examined required this finding to be confirmed including samples of both species from all possible countries of origin. 相似文献
69.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The increasing bacterial resistance from antibiotic overuse has fostered the search for novel antimicrobial strategies. In particular, bacterial systems involving... 相似文献
70.
Simões Marta Filipa Maiorano Alfredo Eduardo dos Santos Jonas Gomes Peixoto Luciana de Souza Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla Neto Almir Oliveira Brito António Guerreiro Ottoni Cristiane Angélica 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(3):1413-1420
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The anthraquinone dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R is largely used in the textile industry. However, its removal from wastewaters is costly and complex. Many methods... 相似文献