基于BP神经网络的煤层自燃预测

在全面分析影响煤层自燃因素的基础上,建立了煤层自燃预测的人工神经网络模型.应用该模型对某煤田的多个煤层样本进行了训练和预测,网络经过10次训练后,误差达到设定的最小值,6次预测测试中最大误差仅为0.027 8,最小的为0.000 1.研究表明,该模型精度较高,可用于预测煤层自燃的实际应用.     

公路隧道火灾事故调研与对策分析

通过调研国内外近60年来,有代表性的33起公路隧道火灾事故,对公路隧道火灾事故起因、特点及危害进行了详细分析,结合国外公路隧道火灾安全措施以及防火安全评估经验,提出几点降低公路隧道火灾事故风险,减少事故危害的对策与建议。以期为公路隧道规划、设计以及建设运营等工作提供有益的参考。     

重庆高速公路安全现状分析及对策

首先分析了重庆高速公路路网现状及当前安全管理模式,再依据交警部门最新权威统计信息以及近三年交通事故总体统计信息对重庆高速安全状况进行比较分析,从宏观阐述安全形势,最后对重庆高速安全现状进行概述并提出详尽的对策。     

HSE管理体系的基层安全教育培训探讨

安全教育培训是石油行业一项非常重要的安全基础性工作,扎实开展基层员工安全培训,提高安全综合素质,增强事故防范能力,防止发生不安全行为,才能真正达到预防事故的目的。本文从七个方面介绍基层安全教育培训的一些方法与实践,针对性强、实用性好,并已在基层单位取得了较好的效果。     

Biodegradation of Poly(Aspartic Acid-Itaconic Acid) Copolymers by Miscellaneous Microbes from Natural Water

Poly(aspartic acid-itaconic acid) copolymers (PAI) is a new scale inhibitor for water treatment. Thus, it is necessary to investigate its biodegradability. The biodegradability of PAI was investigated through CO₂ evolution tests under different conditions based on determination of carbon dioxide production. The investigation results showed that the degradation rate of PAI on day 10 and day 28 were respectively 38.7 and 79.5%, indicating that PAI was one kind of easily biodegradable scale inhibitors. With the increase in the content of itaconic acid in copolymerization process, the biodegradability of PAI was significantly reduced. In addition, the high biodegradability might be attributed to the existence of C–N bone-structure and more –COO–. Finally, Cu²⁺ could decrease the degradation percentage and the enzyme inhibition effect of Cu²⁺ was not the linear effect, but the “low-dosage effect”.     

膨润土吸附水中有机污染物的应用进展

论述了膨润土的吸附机理,介绍了膨润土的物理及化学改性方法及其对有机染料废水,焦化废水,烟草废水,煤泥水,含酚类、石油烃类、抗生素废水及微污染水等的处理效果。针对膨润土作为环保吸附剂存在的问题指出了今后的研究方向:1)将研究成果应用于实际废水;2)研究环境友好且效果好的改性工艺及材料;3)研究新的吸附剂制备形式;4)加大膨润土在废气处理上的研究力度;5)研制吸附效果更佳且能处理复杂成分污水的新型复合吸附剂。     

粉煤灰的改性及对刚果红的吸附

分别采用沸水浸泡、酸浸、碱浸和加热的方法对粉煤灰进行改性处理,利用FTIR仪和XRD仪对改性粉煤灰的成分和官能团进行了分析,并利用改性粉煤灰对模拟刚果红废水进行脱色。实验结果表明：碱改性粉煤灰中含有大量官能团,以及NaPl型沸石类物质,能够明显提高粉煤灰对刚果红的吸附性能;与活性炭相比,碱改性粉煤灰具有更高的性价比;在初始刚果红质量浓度为20mg/L、碱改性粉煤灰加入量为50g/L的条件下,废水的脱色率可达87.52%;碱改性粉煤灰对刚果红的吸附过程遵循二级反应动力学,较好地符合Langmuir等温式和Freundlich等温式。     

改性SiO2气凝胶对废水中Fe3+的吸附性能

制备了改性SiO₂气凝胶,考察了经不同类型、不同配比的改性剂改性的SiO₂气凝胶对模拟含Fe³⁺废水的吸附处理效果。实验结果表明：改性SiO₂气凝胶的最佳制备条件为三甲基氯硅烷（TMCS）作改性剂,V（TMCS）#x02236;V（正己烷）=1#x02236;5;当改性SiO₂气凝胶加入量为75g/L、吸附时间为4h、Fe³⁺质量浓度为10mg/L时,模拟含Fe³⁺废水的Fe³⁺去除率为98.32%,剩余Fe³⁺质量浓度为0.168mg/L;采用改性SiO₂气凝胶动态吸附处理流量为420mL/h、Fe³⁺质量浓度为100mg/L的模拟含Fe³⁺废水,吸附后废水中剩余Fe³⁺质量浓度仅为0.196mg/L。     

Evaluation of a classification method for biodegradable solid wastes using anaerobic degradation parameters

We studied the biochemical and anaerobic degradation characteristics of 29 types of materials to evaluate the effects of a physical composition classification method for degradable solid waste on the computation of anaerobic degradation parameters, including the methane yield potential (L₀), anaerobic decay rate (k), and carbon sequestration factor (CSF). Biochemical methane potential tests were conducted to determine the anaerobic degradation parameters of each material. The results indicated that the anaerobic degradation parameters of nut waste were quite different from those of other food waste and nut waste was classified separately. Paper was subdivided into two categories according to its lignin content: degradable paper with lignin content of <0.05 g g VS^?1, and refractory paper with lignin content >0.15 g g VS^?1. The L₀, k, and CSF parameters of leaves, a type of garden waste, were similar to those of grass. This classification method for degradable solid waste may provide a theoretical basis that facilitates the more accurate calculation of anaerobic degradation parameters.     

Recycling of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash by using hydrocyclone separation

The municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) in Taiwan generate about 300,000 tons of fly ash annually, which is mainly composed of calcium and silicon compounds, and has the potential for recycling. However, some heavy metals are present in the MSWI fly ash, and before recycling, they need to be removed or reduced to make the fly ash non-hazardous. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to use a hydrocyclone for the separation of the components of the MSWI fly ash in order to obtain the recyclable portion. The results show that chloride salts can be removed from the fly ash during the hydrocyclone separation process. The presence of a dense medium (quartz sand in this study) is not only helpful for the removal of the salts, but also for the separation of the fly ash particles. After the dense-medium hydrocyclone separation process, heavy metals including Pb and Zn were concentrated in the fine particles so that the rest of the fly ash contained less heavy metal and became both non-hazardous and recyclable.