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41.
霾不同发展阶段下污染气体和水溶性离子变化特征分析 总被引:1,自引:9,他引:1
为探讨霾不同阶段下大气污染物的变化特征,使用MARGA观测了2018年11月18日~12月7日长三角地区一次区域霾过程中前体污染气体(NH_3、HNO_3、SO_2)和8种水溶性离子浓度.结合环保数据(PM_(2.5)、NO_2、CO、O_3)和气象数据,分析此次区域霾过程的成因、大气污染物的日变化特征以及在霾不同阶段下大气污染物的分布特征.结果表明,此次霾过程中长三角地区主要受到高压脊控制,天气形势稳定,有利于大气污染物累积.霾天时PM_(2.5)、NO_2、NO_3-、SO_24-、NH_4+、Cl-和Na+的浓度分别为(118. 91±39. 23)、(61. 62±26. 34)、(45. 64±16. 01)、(18. 80±8. 02)、(20. 82±7. 16)、(3. 02±2. 25)和(0. 23±0. 22)μg·m-3,分别是干净天的2. 73、1. 63、2. 64、1. 94、2. 50、2. 05和2. 56倍;霾天CO的浓度为(1. 34±0. 39)mg·m-3,是干净天的1. 86倍.不同大气污染物的日变化特征不同.霾不同阶段下大气污染物的分布特征不同.SO_2的浓度在霾发生阶段最高; PM_(2.5)、NO_2、NH_3、CO和SNA的浓度在霾发展阶段最高; O_3、Cl-、Na+和K+的浓度在霾消散阶段最高.SNA在霾不同阶段下对PM_(2.5)的相对贡献可达94%~96%,且在发展阶段的增速最大,增速排序为NO_3- NH_4+ SO_24-. SNA在干净天、发生阶段和发展阶段以NH_4NO_3为主,在消散阶段(NH_4)2SO4为主.此次霾过程主要由NO_3-增长导致,NO_3-在霾发生、发展和消散阶段对PM_(2.5)的相对贡献分别为51. 06%、51. 85%和48. 22%,主要通过气相均相反应生成. 相似文献
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Study on phosphorus loadings in ten natural and agricultural watersheds in subtropical region of China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yuyuan Li Cen Meng Ru Gao Wen Yang Junxia Jiao Yong Li Yi Wang Jinshui Wu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(5):2717-2727
Water eutrophication in subtropical regions of southern China threatens watershed health and is of major concern. However, annual phosphorus (P) loading and its dominant causes are still unclear, especially at the watershed scale. In this study, we investigated dynamic P loadings and associated factors (e.g., land use, livestock production, and runoff depth) in ten watersheds that varied in area from 9 to 5,212 ha in a hilly area of Hunan Province, China. A flowmeter was installed at the outlet of each watershed, and total P (TP) and soluble P (SP) concentrations were monitored periodically from June 2010 to October 2012. The results showed that annual P loadings (APLs) in the ten watersheds ranged from 22.8 to 247.8 kg P/km2 and that P loss primarily occurred from April to June of each year during the main rainfall season in the study area. In addition, the average eutrophication (>0.05 mg P/L) ratio for stream waters was 86.7 % during the study period, which was indicative of a potentially serious condition for the local water environments. Annual P loadings were linearly related to livestock density (LD; R?=?0.92, p?<?0.01), whereas the eutrophication ratio of stream water was significantly (p?<?0.05) correlated with LD (R?=?0.61), percentage cropland (R?=?0.71), and percentage forest cover (R?=??0.68). Thus, it is concluded that the control of livestock production has the greatest potential for reducing P loadings in watersheds in this subtropical area. This will be beneficial to the amelioration and protection of local environment. 相似文献
45.
Reem Hajjar Peter Cronkleton Emily Etue Peter Newton Aaron J.M. Russel Januarti Sinarra Tjajadi Wen Zhou Arun Agrawal 《Conservation biology》2016,30(6):1357-1362
Conservation and development practitioners increasingly promote community forestry as a way to conserve ecosystem services, consolidate resource rights, and reduce poverty. However, outcomes of community forestry have been mixed; many initiatives failed to achieve intended objectives. There is a rich literature on institutional arrangements of community forestry, but there has been little effort to examine the role of socioeconomic, market, and biophysical factors in shaping both land‐cover change dynamics and individual and collective livelihood outcomes. We systematically reviewed the peer‐reviewed literature on community forestry to examine and quantify existing knowledge gaps in the community‐forestry literature relative to these factors. In examining 697 cases of community forest management (CFM), extracted from 267 peer‐reviewed publications, we found 3 key trends that limit understanding of community forestry. First, we found substantial data gaps linking population dynamics, market forces, and biophysical characteristics to both environmental and livelihood outcomes. Second, most studies focused on environmental outcomes, and the majority of studies that assessed socioeconomic outcomes relied on qualitative data, making comparisons across cases difficult. Finally, there was a heavy bias toward studies on South Asian forests, indicating that the literature on community forestry may not be representative of decentralization policies and CFM globally. 相似文献
46.
Li Ning Wang Jinye Wang Haoyu Fu Bolin Chen Jianjun He Wen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(34):46100-46115
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It is of great significance for the coordinated development of the environment and the economy to study the impact of the human driving factors of... 相似文献
47.
Jiang Chong Yang Zhiyuan Li Minting Dai Jialing Wang Xinchi Zhang Haiyan Yang Long Zhao Lingling Wen Meili Zhou Ping 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(12):14720-14738
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil erosion threatens environmental sustainability worldwide. Exploring the trajectories of soil erosion and associated drivers is of great... 相似文献
48.
Gao Huadong Huang Yanli Li Wei Li Junmeng Ouyang Shenyang Song Tianqi Lv Fengyuan Zhai Wen Ma Kun 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(46):65363-65373
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the process of coal gangue surface accumulation and underground filling disposal, the heavy metals contained in coal gangue will inevitably... 相似文献
49.
容积负荷对ABR-MBR工艺反硝化除磷性能的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
采用连续流ABR-MBR组合工艺处理生活污水,研究不同容积负荷(volume loading rate,VLR)对该工艺反硝化除磷性能的影响,获得最佳工艺参数.试验考察ABR进水容积负荷(以COD计,下同)分别为0.76、1.01、1.51和2.27 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)时系统去碳脱氮除磷的性能,并在各ABR容积负荷条件下考察MBR容积负荷对MBR反应器硝化性能的影响.结果表明,在ABR进水容积负荷为1.51 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)的条件下,系统A2隔室COD去除量最大,并在MBR容积负荷为0.462 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)时,MBR反应器中实现了短程硝化,系统NH_4~+-N和TN去除率分别达到90%和72%以上,厌氧释磷量为7.41 mg·L~(-1),缺氧吸磷量达到15.42 mg·L~(-1),出水PO_4~(3-)-P浓度低于0.5 mg·L~(-1),这表明短程硝化更有利于强化ABR-MBR系统的反硝化除磷性能. 相似文献
50.