Mobilities and leachabilities of heavy metals in sludge with humus soil

Chemical forms of Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb in municipal sewage sludge were investigated by adding humus soil to sludge and by performing sequential extraction procedures. In the final sludge mixtures, Zn and Ni were mainly found in Fe/Mn oxide-bound (F3) and organic matter/sulfide-bound (F4) forms. For Zn, exchangeable (F1), carbonate-bound (F2), and F3 forms were transformed to F4 and residual forms (F5). For Ni, F1 and F2 forms were transformed to F1, F2, and F3 forms. Both Cu and Pb were strongly associated with the stable forms F4 and F5. For Cu, F2 and F3 forms were major contributors, while for Pb, F3 and F4 forms were major contributors to F5. Humus soil dosage and pH conditions in the sludge were strongly correlated with the forms of heavy metals. Five forms were used to evaluate metal mobilities in the initial and final sludge mixtures. The mobilities of the four heavy metals studied decreased after 28 days. The metal mobilities in the final sludge mixtures were ranked in the following order: Ni > Zn > Cu = Pb. Leaching tests showed that the mobilities of Zn and Ni in lower pH conditions (pH 4) were higher than those in higher pH conditions (pH 8).     

Adsorptive property of Cu^2＋-loaded montmorillonite clays for Escherichia coli K_（88） in vitro

The Cu²⁺-loaded montmorillonite clays (MMT-Cu) may be a good material for the adsorbed and eliminated pathogenic bacteria from aqueous solution.     

Effect of C/N ratio, aeration rate and moisture content on ammonia and greenhouse gas emission during the composting

Gaseous emission (N₂O, CH₄ and NH₃) from composting can be an important source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas and air pollution. A laboratory scale orthogonal experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of C/N ratio, aeration rate and initial moisture content on gaseous emission during the composting of pig faeces from Chinese Ganqinfen system. The results showed that about 23.9% to 45.6% of total organic carbon (TOC) was lost in the form of CO₂ and 0.8% to 7.5% of TOC emitted as CH₄. Most of the nitrogen was lost in the form of NH₃, which account for 9.6% to 32.4% of initial nitrogen. N₂O was also an important way of nitrogen losses and 1.5% to 7.3% of initial total nitrogen was lost as it. Statistic analysis showed that the aeration rate is the most important factor which could affect the NH₃ (p = 0.0189), CH₄ (p = 0.0113) and N₂O (p = 0.0493) emissions significantly. Higher aeration rates reduce the CH₄ emission but increase the NH₃ and N₂O losses. C/N ratio could affect the NH₃ (p = 0.0442) and CH₄ (p = 0.0246) emissions significantly, but not the N₂O. Lower C/N ratio caused higher NH₃ and CH₄ emissions. The initial moisture content can not influence the gaseous emission significantly. Most treatments were matured after 37 days, except a trial with high moisture content and a low C/N ratio.     

交通拥堵对TSP排放的影响分析

在上海市杨浦区军工路部分路段采集TSP浓度、气压、温度、分车型车流量、区段车速、信号配时等数据,通过多元回归方法分析小型车交通量,大型车交通量,拖挂车交通量及区段车速对TSP浓度的影响,建立起TSP浓度与上述交通变量的函数关系,并通过AIMSUN交通仿真软件以及基础采集数据,建立军工路路网,模拟四种交通拥堵状况(重度拥堵,中度拥堵,轻度拥堵,基本畅通)的产生和消散过程。综合分析路段交通拥堵对道路TSP排放和分布的影响。分析整理得出道路TSP小时排放总量和拥堵程度成正比关系,且TSP污染主要集中在车辆拥挤怠速的部分,车辆拥挤排队的队尾部分是TSP排放源强最高、源强增长最快的区域,增长率达到240%～290%。     

氧化亚铜类Fenton氧化降解染料活性艳蓝KN-R的研究

氧化亚铜(Cu2O)与H2O2组成的类Fenton体系能很好的氧化降解印染废水中的有机物.实验用Cu2O类Fenton氧化降解染料活性艳蓝KN-R,研究表明,Cu2O类Fenton能很好的氧化降解染料活性艳蓝KN-R.在KN-R的溶液初始pH值为2,水浴温度为50℃的条件下,用0.429 g Cu2O(0.3 mmol)和0.1 mL、质量分数为30%的H2O2处理50 mL、质量浓度为100mg/L的KN-R溶液1 h,其脱色率为95.09%,TOC去除率为56.38%.     

间甲酚对斑马鱼胚胎的影响

采用静态实验方法,研究了不同浓度的间甲酚(m-cresol)对斑马鱼胚胎的急性毒性.结果表明,当m-cresol浓度超过一定数值时,伴随着时间的延长可使暴露胚胎的畸形数增加,暴露胚胎孵化出的仔鱼也出现畸形现象,mcresol的毒性呈现出剂量-效应关系.当m-cresol质量浓度不小于13 mg/L时,暴露12 h的胚胎开始出现畸形;质量浓度为25 mg/L时,暴露24 h的胚胎全部畸形.m-cresol对胚胎24 h眼点发育及20 s主动活动、48 h黑色素和72 h各类畸形的EC50分别为33.609,8.882和5.652 mg/L.可见,一定浓度的m-cresol可对斑马鱼胚胎及其孵化仔鱼产生毒性作用.     

检测实验室盲样考核及其质量控制

盲样考核及其质量控制是检测实验室的必要条件.从检测实验室角度,论述了盲样考核及质量控制的过程,结合理化分析、原子吸收火焰和石墨炉、气相色谱等典型实例进行分析总结,并进一步探讨了盲样考核及其过程和结果质量控制的多种策略和方法,具有实用性.     

国内含油污泥的综合利用方法

含油污泥是在石油开采和加工过程中产生的含油固体废物．含油量可高达30％以上。含油污泥中的油气挥发,污染生产区域内空气质量,散落和堆放的含油污泥污染地表水甚至地下水水质,进而影响人类的健康。资源化和无害化是含油污泥处理的目标,主要论述了含油污泥的资源化与综合处理方法．对国内含油污泥的综合利用方面的专利成果进行了综述。     

膨胀石墨污水净化处理研究

利用膨胀石墨强大的吸附能力来处理城市生活污水,结果发现用膨胀石墨处理污水的前8h,COD的去除率达43％;处理第5～9d将出现第二个高峰,COD的去除率达48％,分析原因可能是存在物理吸附和微生物絮凝两方面的作用。最后经过20d的处理,膨胀石墨对生活污水的COD和BOD总去除率分别达到86％、78．9％,且除臭能力也很显著。     

双道HG-AFS同时测定鲤鱼肝脏中痕量Hg和As

应用氢化物原子荧光法,测定鲤鱼肝脏中痕量Hg和As,该法具有原子吸收和原子发射光谱两种技术优势,同时它具有分析灵敏度高,干扰少,线性范围宽,可多元素同时测定等优点;在KBH4-酸还原体系中同时测定鱼肝中Hg和As,方法检出限分别为Hg:0.33ng/ml和As0.36ng/ml,线性范围分别为:0.1-2.0ng/ml和1.0-20.0ng/ml。加标回收率分别为Hg:96.0%和As:100.6%。分析结果可靠,方法令人满意,并适合大批量样品的分析。