大型原油储罐热喷涂防腐蚀技术的应用

金属热喷涂技术是一种有效的长效防腐蚀手段,常用于金属结构的腐蚀防护。从钢结构腐蚀及热喷涂长效防护的角度,阐述了在大型原油储罐建设中使用热喷涂防腐蚀技术的可行性和经济性,并对其热喷涂防腐蚀工艺作了简要说明。     

环境外部不经济性内部化手段的评价与筛选

分析环境外部不经济性产生的根本原因,提出环境外部不经济性内在化手段的评价指标,并据此对国内外常环境外部不经济性内化手段作系统评价,评价结果表明,排污收费制度是当前最合理的环境外部不经济性内的在化手段。     

巢湖藻类生物量季节性变化特征

在2008年对巢湖浮游藻类的生态分布进行了为期1 a的调查研究,并采用自制"藻类上浮/下沉捕集器"定量研究了水柱中藻类上浮和下沉速率的季节性变化.结果表明,蓝藻为巢湖主要的水华优势群落,但各个季节优势水华种群有所差别,春季鱼腥藻占优势,微囊藻次之;夏、秋两季微囊藻占绝对优势.5月开始,水柱中藻类生物量明显增加;8月份达到最大值,叶绿素含量全湖平均为146.37 mg.m-3.表层沉积物中藻类生物量在9.75～16.24 mg.kg-1之间,最小值出现在夏季,然后逐渐升高,最大值出现在冬季的11月.研究期间(5～10月),水柱中浮游藻类一直存在上浮和下沉现象,上浮速率在总体上呈先上升后下降的趋势,最大值出现在8月初,为0.036 8 mg.(m2.d)-1;下沉速率则呈现先缓慢上升后急剧下降的趋势,最大值出现在9月初,为0.032 1 mg.(m2.d)-1.多元逐步回归统计表明,温度是巢湖藻类生物量变化最为显著的影响因子,其次为总氮(TN)和总磷(TP).     

氨氮在天然沸石上的吸附及解吸

研究了氨氮浓度、温度、时间、共存阳离子等对氨氮在天然沸石上吸附的影响 ,比较了HCl及NaCl溶液对氨氮解吸的效果 ,初步探讨了沸石吸附氨氮后自然硝化的规律 .结果显示 ,随着氨氮浓度的增大或温度的升高 ,沸石吸附量上升 ,最大可达 1 1 5mg·g- 1 ;沸石吸附的初始阶段 (0— 8h) ,沸石吸附量随时间显著上升 ,此后趋于平缓 ;在不同阳离子共存的情况下 ,K 可使沸石吸附量降低 5 0 %以上 ;HCl溶液对氨氮解吸的效果好于NaCl溶液 ,解吸率最高可达到 6 0 % ;沸石吸附的氨氮在硝化细菌作用下可转化为硝氮 ,溶液中硝氮浓度 1 2 0h后可达 9mg·l- 1 ,在总氮中比率达到 2 7% .     

Effects of salinity on soil bacterial and archaeal community in estuarine wetlands and its implications for carbon sequestration: verification in the Yellow River Delta

Soils from two typical tidal salt marshes with varied salinity in the Yellow River Delta wetland were analysed to determine possible effects of salinity on soil carbon sequestration through changes in soil microbiology. The mean soil respiration (SR) of the salt water–fresh water mixing zone (MZ) was 2.89 times higher than that of the coastal zone (CZ) (4.73 and 1.63?μmol?m^?2?s^?1, respectively, p?Pseudomonas sp. and Limnobacter sp. that might have led to its higher dehydrogenase activity and respiratory rates. Additionally, the CZ possessed more Halobacteria and Thaumarchaeota with the ability to fix CO₂ than the MZ. Significantly lower soil salinity in MZ (4.25?g?kg^?1) was suitable for β-Proteobacteria, but detrimental for Halobacteria compared with CZ (7.09?g?kg^?1, p?相似文献   

Quorum sensing regulation methods and their effects on biofilm in biological waste treatment systems: A review

• Quorum sensing enhancement and inhibition methods are summarized. • Effects of quorum sensing regulation on biofilm are reviewed. • Current knowledge gaps and research challenges are proposed. Quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in microbial aggregation control. Recently, the optimization of biological waste treatment systems by QS regulation gained an increasing attention. The effects of QS regulation on treatment performances and biofilm were frequently investigated. To understand the state of art of QS regulation, this review summarizes the methods of QS enhancement and QS inhibition in biological waste treatment systems. Typical QS enhancement methods include adding exogenous QS molecules, adding QS accelerants and cultivating QS bacteria, while typical QS inhibition methods include additions of quorum quenching (QQ) bacteria, QS-degrading enzymes, QS-degrading oxidants, and QS inhibitors. The specific improvements after applying these QS regulation methods in different treatment systems are concluded. In addition, the effects of QS regulation methods on biofilm in biological waste treatment systems are reviewed in terms of biofilm formation, extracellular polymeric substances production, microbial viability, and microbial community. In the end, the knowledge gaps in current researches are analyzed, and the requirements for future study are suggested.     

广东某大型城市生活垃圾焚烧厂9种重金属的迁移特征

采集广东某大型城市生活垃圾焚烧厂一期(WI-A)和二期(WI-B)的进厂垃圾、渗滤液、飞灰、底渣和烟气样品,分析了各样品中砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、汞、镍、铅、锌共9种重金属含量,研究重金属的迁移特征。结果显示,9种重金属呈现4类不同的迁移特征,钴、铜、镍、铬主要迁移至底渣中,锌、砷、铅主要迁移至底渣和飞灰中,镉主要迁移至飞灰中,汞主要迁移至飞灰和烟气中。活性炭吸附和布袋除尘器的组合对除汞以外的重金属治理效果明显。WI-A和WI-B垃圾中的汞分别约有28%、37%随烟气排到环境中。     

福州CRT产业集群废物产生特征及管理模式研究

根据对福州开发区阴离子射线管(CRT)产业集群进行调查、访谈和统计分析,实证研究了该产业集群的废物产生特征和管理模式.结果发现,福州CRT产业集群在不断发展壮大的同时,随着主导产品生产规模的扩大以及配套企业的进入,废物的产生总量不断增加,单位主导产品的废物产生强度持续上升,废物种类也逐渐丰富,给区域环境带来的压力不断增大;但同时,产业集群借助其规模和集聚效应,不仅为废物交换和工业共生体系的构建提供了基础平台,而且为专营性废物回收组织和处理处置设施的良好运转营造了外部环境.     

水环境中碳纳米管对沙丁胺醇光降解的影响

选取沙丁胺醇(salbutamol,SAL)为目标污染物,研究了3种碳纳米管(CNTs,单壁碳纳米管SCNT、羟基衍生化多壁碳纳米管MWNT-OH和羧基衍生化多壁碳纳米管MWNT-COOH)对有机污染物在模拟太阳光照下降解的影响;并且研究了CNTs与天然水体中光活性物质三价铁离子(Fe3+)的相互作用.结果表明,3种CNTs能够通过竞争吸收光子,即光屏蔽作用抑制SAL光解;同时又能通过光致激发产生单线态氧(1O2)促进光解反应,两种作用机制同时存在,在绝大多数情况下,抑制作用占主导地位.此外,CNTs还能通过静电吸附作用使水体中的光活性物质Fe3+失活,从而影响有机污染物在天然水体中的光化学行为.     

3种基质材料对高浓度养殖废水处理效果及降解过程

养殖场直排废水负荷高,易造成湿地植物无法生长、处理效率低等问题.为使养殖废水通过前端生态治理技术,出水达到湿地植物耐受范围,探索高效利用作物秸秆,降低污染负荷的可行性,开展野外控制实验,对比分析了三大粮食作物秸秆——麦秸、稻草和玉米秆对猪场废水N、P的吸附去除效率.三级基质池各填充12. 5 kg干秸秆,设定连续式进水,水力停留时间7 d.结果表明,在进水COD、TN、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和TP平均质量浓度分别为1 652. 83、371. 31、303. 51、0. 67和65. 22 mg·L~(-1)时,麦秸对COD、TN和TP的去除效果最好,去除率分别为32. 1%、40. 9%和33. 3%,稻草对NH_4~+-N的去除效果最好,去除率达到43. 4%.经180 d处理后3种基质材料木质素、纤维素和半纤维素均未完全分解.各种基质材料木质素降解速率低于纤维素与半纤维素,且稻草中木质素和纤维素降解最快,麦秆中半纤维素降解最快.结果表明,麦秆和稻草对去除高浓度养殖废水污染物效果均好于玉米秆,并且建议基质材料更换周期为5个月,可为生物基质材料运用于养殖废水处理提供数据支撑.