Effective degradation of tetracycline by mesoporous Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>WO<Subscript>6</Subscript> under visible light irradiation

Bi₂WO₆ was synthesized with a hydrothermal method at different pHs and used for the degradation of tetracycline (TC) in water. The mesoporous Bi₂WO₆ prepared at pH 1 (BWO-1) displayed the highest adsorption and degradation capacity to TC due to its large surface area and more efficient capacity to separate photogenerated electrons and holes. 97% of TC at 20 mg·L^?1 was removed by BWO-1 at 0.5 g·L^?1 after 120 min irradiation under simulated solar light. Only 31% of the total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 360 min irradiation although the TC removal reached 100%, suggesting that TC was mainly transformed to intermediate products rather than completely mineralized. The intermediates were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS) and possible photodegradation pathways were proposed.     

STAMP模型在危化品道路运输事故分析中的应用研究

为保障危化品道路运输行车安全,基于STAMP模型构建危化品道路运输的分层安全控制结构,将安全问题看作是控制问题,并将系统工程思想融入事故预防中。在此基础上,引入沪昆高速湖南邵阳段“7.19”特别重大道路交通危化品爆燃事故并对其进行实证分析,从物理层、基础层、运营层及监管层动态分析导致事故发生的控制缺失。结果表明:基于STAMP模型的安全分析方法不仅可考虑由组件失效引起的事故,还可发现组件之间的组织问题及决策背景,并对事故致因做出更为详细的解释,为类似事故的分析和预防提供思路与参考。     

Water and sediment quality in Qinghai Lake,China: a revisit after half a century

Qinghai Lake, situated on the Qinghai–Tibet plateau, is the largest lake in China. In this study, the water and sediment quality were investigated in Qinghai Lake, three sublakes, and five major tributaries. Both Na⁺ and Cl^? were found to be the major ions present in Qinghai Lake and the three sublakes, while Ca²⁺ and HCO^3? dominated the tributaries. Compared with historical data from the 1960s, the concentrations of NH₄ ⁺, NO₃ ^?, and soluble reactive silica have increased considerably, likely caused by increased human activities in the area. Compared to the historical data, chemical oxygen demand has increased and lake water transparency has decreased, likely related to an increase in nutrient levels. Relatively high concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were observed in Qinghai Lake sediments, although P fraction types and low water concentrations of these two indicate low possibility of transfer into the water column. The ratios of C/N suggest that the organic matter in the sediments are primarily from autochthonous sources. TN and total organic carbon in the sediment cores increased slowly up the core while TP and total inorganic carbon have been fairly constant.     

如何提高分光光度分析的准确度

分光光度测定中,从采样、预处理、溶液配制与稀释、回归方程制作、数据计算等各个环节,都要考虑有效数字的位数是否满足要求,其对分析结果准确度有举足轻重的影响;最大吸收波长的扫描、溶液稀释方式、仪器空白值的扣除等操作环节对分析结果也会产生重要影响。     

Simultaneous removal of gaseous CO and elemental mercury over Cu-Co modified activated coke at low temperature

Cu-Co multiple-oxides modified on HNO₃-pretreated activated coke (AC_N) were optimized for the simultaneous removal of gaseous CO and elemental mercury (Hg⁰) at low temperature (< 200 °C). It was found that 2%CuOx-10%CoOx/AC_N catalyst calcined at 400°C resulted in the coexistence of complex oxides including CuO, Cu₂O, Co₃O₄, Co₂O₃ and CoO phases, which might be good for the simultaneous catalytic oxidation of CO by Co-species and removal of Hg⁰ by Cu-species, benefiting from the synergistic catalysis during the electro-interaction between Co and Cu cations (CoO ? Co₃O₄ and Cu₂O ? CuO). The catalysis removal of CO oxidation was obviously depended on the reaction temperature obtaining 94.7% at 200 °C, while no obvious promoting effect on the Hg⁰ removal (68.3%-78.7%). These materials were very substitute for the removal of CO and Hg° from the flue gas with the conditions of 8–20 vol.% O₂ and flue-gas temperature below 200 °C. The removal of Hg° followed the combination processes of adsorption and catalytic oxidation reaction via Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, while the catalysis of CO abided by the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism with lattice oxygen species.     

不同干燥方式对喀斯特流域土壤氮形态测定的影响

不同预处理方式对不同类型土壤样品氮含量的分析结果具有不同程度的影响,尤其是对喀斯特流域石灰性土壤氮含量测定影响的相关研究较少,其影响程度和机理尚不清楚。本研究通过采集喀斯特流域乌江中上游四种不同土壤质地表层土壤(0～20 cm),对比了实验室内不同干燥方式和野外现场提取对氮含量测定结果的影响。结果发现石灰性土壤在干燥过程中,不同氮形态含量总体均表现出烘干土>风干土>新鲜土,表明烘干和风干过程会造成氮含量的测定结果相对于现场提取有不同程度的增加。在不同温度烘干过程中,NH⁺₄-N和有机氮(N_org)的增加量与温度成正比,并且在不同的温度条件下可能受不同氮转化机理的控制,升温会促进土壤的矿化作用以及N_org的转化,而当温度较高(105℃)时,土壤中氮的增加还可能来自于微生物自身在高温条件下的分解;烘干过程中,不同温度处理下的NO^-₃-N含量之间没有明显差异,但均显著高于现场提取测定的结果,其中40℃下的烘干土中NO^-_...     

基于微生物完整性指数的河流健康评价 ——以无锡市为例

生物完整性指数（Index of biotic integrity,IBI）被广泛运用于河流的健康评价.然而,随着人类活动对河流影响的增加,传统指示生物多样性的损失降低了评价的准确性.在高度受影响的水体环境中,微生物群落被证明是更敏感的生态健康指标.本研究采用Illumina高通量测序技术,于2018年冬季和2019年春季对无锡市境内8条河流的微生物群落组成进行了分析,从群落组成/相对丰度、丰富度/多样性、敏感性/耐受性3个角度确定了候选指标.并对传统的核心指标筛选方法进行了改进,通过差异性分析、箱线图检验、Speraman相关性分析,建立了冬、春两季的微生物生物完整性指标框架.评价结果表明,M-IBI能有效区分不同程度的受损位点,且与水质状况和物理生境存在显著的相关性.总体而言,M-IBI为城市河流生态状况提供了一种新的评价工具.     

A bibliometric review of nitrogen research in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs

The global application of nitrogen is far greater than phosphorus, and it is widely involved in the eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs. We used a bibliometric method to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate nitrogen research in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs to reveal research developments, current research hotspots, and emerging trends in this area. A total of 2695 articles in the past 25 years from the online database of the Scientific Citation Index Expended(SCI-Expanded) were analyzed. Articles in this area increased exponentially from 1991 to 2015.Although the USA was the most productive country over the past 25 years, China achieved the top position in terms of yearly publications after 2010. The most active keywords related to nitrogen in the past 25 years included phosphorus, nutrients, sediment, chlorophyll-a, carbon,phytoplankton, cyanobacteria, water quality, modeling, and stable isotopes, based on analysis within 5-year intervals from 1991 to 2015 as well as the entire past 25 years. In addition, researchers have drawn increasing attention to denitrification, climate change, and internal loading. Future trends in this area should focus on:(1) nutrient amounts, ratios, and major nitrogen sources leading to eutrophication;(2) nitrogen transformation and the bioavailability of different nitrogen forms;(3)nitrogen budget, mass balance model, control, and management;(4) ecosystem responses to nitrogen enrichment and reduction, as well as the relationships between these responses; and(5)interactions between nitrogen and other stressors(e.g., light intensity, carbon, phosphorus, toxic contaminants, climate change, and hydrological variations) in terms of eutrophication.     

固定源低温选择性催化还原NOx技术研究进展

NH3选择性催化还原技术在固定源NOx污染控制中广泛应用,其核心是催化剂．传统钒氧化物催化剂起活温度偏高（〉300℃）,难以在末端应用;随着环保法规的日益严格和实际应用需要,研制具有良好低温活性和稳定性的新型催化剂成为近期国内外该领域的热点．对贵金属、分子筛、金属氧化物3类催化剂,综述了国内外近期研究进展．其中以碳质材料为载体负载Nn、Cu等的金属氧化物型催化剂显示出良好的低温活性和稳定性,具有较好的低温催化还原NOx研究前景．     

中国淡水大型底栖无脊椎动物条形码数据库构建

大型底栖无脊椎动物是得到广泛应用的水质生物监测和评价指示生物,但在实际应用过程中,受类群多样性高、形态鉴定专业性强、鉴定资料不全等影响,难以将其精确鉴定到种。新兴的DNA条形码技术能够快速、精确地鉴定物种,在生物多样性调查和监测等领域被寄予厚望。该方法的有效性与准确性依赖于完整、全面的参考数据库,然而现有公共数据库无法满足底栖动物鉴定的需求。鉴于此,南京农业大学等10余所高校及科研院所携手构建了中国淡水大型底栖无脊椎动物条形码数据库。基于该数据库网络平台,用户可以在线进行底栖动物条形码和环境DNA-宏条形码比对,完成对物种的精准注释。该数据库的建成为我国应用环境DNA-宏条形码技术开展底栖动物多样性调查、水质生物监测与评价提供了重要的数据资源。