CO2 dynamic of Lake Donghu highlights the need for long-term monitoring

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Inland freshwater lakes have been widely considered as significant sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. However, long-term measurements of CO2 dynamics...     

Environmental knowledge,behaviors, and attitudes regarding caffeine consumption among Chinese university students from the perspective of ecopharmacovigilance

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Caffeine is considered the most representative pharmaceutical emerging contaminant (PEC) because of its ubiquity, high environmental abundance,...     

Assessing the mechanism of barriers towards green finance and public spending in small and medium enterprises from developed countries

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Due to their different abilities to improve financial growth and improve social development, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have been referred to...     

Effect of straw retention on carbon footprint under different cropping sequences in Northeast China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Inappropriate farm management practices can lead to increased agricultural inputs and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, impacting...     

协同治理理论视角下连云港湾长制试点存在的问题及对策

近岸海域环境综合治理是典型的公共产品和公共服务,需要多个主体协同治理。连云港湾长制已实施两年多,虽取得了一定成效,但从协同治理理论来看,仍存在治理主体相对单一、公众参与不足问题。因此,今后应以协同治理理论为指导,形成多元的治理主体,树立各个治理主体的权威性,加强各治理主体的协同性,充分发挥各治理主体的积极性,共同推进湾长制的实施。     

SBR加载不同粒径磁性活性炭对其污泥颗粒化进程的影响机制

在相同序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)中分别加载1.5 g·L~(-1)的80、140、200、和300目不同粒径的磁性活性炭(反应器编号依次为2、3、4、5号),同时以不投加磁性活性炭的SBR反应器(1号)作为对照组,研究各反应器污泥体积指数(SVI)、粒径分布特征、胞外聚合物(EPS)中胞外蛋白(PN)、胞外多糖(PS)的含量变化规律以及除污性能.结果表明,不同粒径磁性活性炭对污泥颗粒化进程有一定的影响,粒径过大、过小对促进污泥颗粒化进程的强化作用不明显,当磁性活性炭的粒径为140目和200目时,活性污泥很容易以其作为"成核"载体快速形成好氧颗粒污泥,并且形成的颗粒污泥结构紧密,沉降速率快.采用高斯函数分析污泥粒径分布和标准偏差发现,反应器运行的第50 d,3号和4号反应器内污泥平均粒径均达到了780μm以上,明显高于其他反应器,标准偏差分别为318.9μm和362.3μm,两反应器内形成的颗粒污泥粒径较均匀,处理系统较稳定.与此同时,投加不同粒径的磁性活性炭均有利于促进污泥胞外蛋白质PN含量的增加,对胞外多糖PS的含量影响不大;但合适的磁性活性炭粒径(140目和200目)越有利于污泥PN的分泌,颗粒化程度明显的3号和4号反应器的PN/PS比值均高于其他3个反应器.磁性炭基好氧颗粒污泥的形成符合"惰性内核模型".此外,3号、4号反应器对废水TN和TP的去除率分别达到50%和60%以上,均高于其他反应器.     

三门峡水库水体中不同形态汞的分布特征

为了解三门峡水库水体中不同形态汞的分布特征,在丰水期和枯水期对三门峡水库进行采样,分别采用冷原子荧光光谱法(CVAFS)和蒸馏-乙基化衍生-气相色谱-冷原子荧光法(GC-CVAFS)测定水样中总汞、总甲基汞、溶解态总汞和溶解态甲基汞的浓度.结果表明,三门峡水库水体中总汞、溶解态汞和颗粒态汞浓度范围分别为1.65~9.65、0.80~3.16和0.70~7.81 ng·L~(-1),符合国家地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838-2002)一类水汞浓度标准限值;总甲基汞、溶解态甲基汞和颗粒态甲基汞浓度分别为0.05~0.36、0.02~0.14和ND~0.26 ng·L~(-1).三门峡水库水体总汞和甲基汞在季节和空间分布上没有呈现出明显的变化规律.总汞和甲基汞与未受污染的天然水体差别不大,水库未受到明显的汞污染.丰、枯水期沉积物中总汞浓度分别为(92.96±10.65)ng·g~(-1)和(80.06±19.14)ng·g~(-1),甲基汞浓度分别为(0.33±0.14)ng·g~(-1)和(0.50±0.19)ng·g~(-1).较低的甲基汞浓度说明在三门峡水库汞的迁移转化过程中,甲基化作用可能并非主要的过程,这可能与水体底层溶解氧浓度较高以及沉积物中有机质浓度较低有关.     

微生物对汞矿区农田土壤汞甲基化的影响

为研究典型汞矿区农田土壤中汞的甲基化作用,实验以受汞污染的旱田土壤和稻田土壤为对象,分别进行灭菌,促进硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)活性处理,抑制SRB活性处理以及促进铁还原菌(FeRB)活性处理,分析非微生物作用和微生物作用对土壤甲基汞(MeHg)生成的影响.结果表明,促进SRB活性处理的土壤MeHg生成量最高,其中旱田土MeHg增量为0.15~0.38μg·kg~(-1),稻田土壤MeHg增量为1~2μg·kg~(-1);抑制SRB活性处理和促进FeRB活性处理的MeHg增量较小,最高值仅为0.025μg·kg~(-1).相比于旱田土壤,稻田土壤具有更高的汞甲基化能力,其MeHg生成量是旱田土壤的4~9倍.土壤SRB数量与MeHg生成量具有相同的变化趋势,二者具有显著的正相关性(R~2=0.57,P0.01).因此,该研究区土壤汞甲基化作用主要是微生物汞甲基化作用,且主要的汞甲基化细菌是SRB.此外,稻田是农田中MeHg生成的活跃地区,在评估和控制MeHg对人体健康危害时需要重点关注.     

Control of aliphatic halogenated DBP precursors with multiple drinking water treatment processes: Formation potential and integrated toxicity

The comprehensive control efficiency for the formation potentials(FPs) of a range of regulated and unregulated halogenated disinfection by-products(DBPs)(including carbonaceous DBPs(C-DBPs), nitrogenous DBPs(N-DBPs), and iodinated DBPs(I-DBPs)) with the multiple drinking water treatment processes, including pre-ozonation, conventional treatment(coagulation–sedimentation, pre-sand filtration), ozone-biological activated carbon(O_3-BAC) advanced treatment, and post-sand filtration, was investigated. The potential toxic risks of DBPs by combing their FPs and toxicity values were also evaluated.The results showed that the multiple drinking water treatment processes had superior performance in removing organic/inorganic precursors and reducing the formation of a range of halogenated DBPs. Therein, ozonation significantly removed bromide and iodide,and thus reduced the formation of brominated and iodinated DBPs. The removal of organic carbon and nitrogen precursors by the conventional treatment processes was substantially improved by O_3-BAC advanced treatment, and thus prevented the formation of chlorinated C-DBPs and N-DBPs. However, BAC filtration leads to the increased formation of brominated C-DBPs and N-DBPs due to the increase of bromide/DOC and bromide/DON.After the whole multiple treatment processes, the rank order for integrated toxic risk values caused by these halogenated DBPs was haloacetonitriles(HANs)》haloacetamides(HAMs) haloacetic acids(HAAs) trihalomethanes(THMs) halonitromethanes(HNMs) 》I-DBPs(I-HAMs and I-THMs). I-DBPs failed to cause high integrated toxic risk because of their very low FPs. The significant higher integrated toxic risk value caused by HANs than other halogenated DBPs cannot be ignored.     

覆盖金属氧化物对湖泊沉积物溶解性有机质特征的影响

为揭示不同金属氧化物对湖泊沉积物DOM（溶解性有机质）影响机制,通过室内模拟试验,在沉积物表层分别覆盖Fe、Al、Mn氧化物及湖沙后培养1 a,并利用三维荧光和紫外光谱方法进行表征.结果表明:① 覆盖Al、Fe、Mn氧化物和湖沙主要降低了0~3 cm沉积物的w（DOC）,降幅分别为8.61%、6.27%、22.38%和0.44%. ② 沉积物中DOM的类络氨酸峰（peak B₁）和类色氨酸峰（peak T₂）均产生较大变化.其中三种氧化物均显著降低了上层沉积物中DOM的peak T₂,使底层DOM的peakT₂显著增加. Mn氧化物使DOM的peak B₁降低,Fe和Al氧化物使DOM的peak B₁增加,湖沙则使两类峰均降低. ③ 覆盖金属氧化物改变了沉积物DOM结构特征,其中覆盖Fe氧化物增强了其芳香性,而覆盖Mn氧化物和Al氧化却降低其芳香性,但三者均使DOM腐质化程度及官能团数量增加,并使FI（Fluorescence Index,荧光指数）增大,表明DOM向生物源转化.研究显示,沉积物表层覆盖金属氧化物影响了沉积物中DOM迁移和转化,并促进了其降解,导致其分子量和腐殖化程度增加.