孔隙液体相态对饱和砂土力学特性影响试验∗

天然气水合物开采过程中,水合物分解会引起沉积物孔隙液体相态变化,降低海床的安全稳定性。基于低温、高压三轴试验仪,以粉细砂土为骨架,制备含冰/不含冰甲烷水合物沉积物试样以及饱和砂土试样,开展三轴压缩试验,分析饱和砂土中孔隙液体处于不同相态条件下试样的应力?应变和强度特性,比较在剪切过程中孔隙水压力以及切线模量等参数变化。试验结果表明：含冰/不含冰甲烷水合物沉积物以及饱和砂土的强度比值约为 2.6∶ 1.7∶1,且均表现为应变硬化;含冰水合物沉积物的结构性较其余两者相对更强,即初始切线模量值相对更高;但是在遭受剪切后结构均破坏,切线模量迅速降低。     

雌激素受体作为壬基酚的主要作用靶点导致机体免疫毒性

雌激素作为一类重要的性腺类固醇化学信使,已经被证实能够直接调节机体免疫反应,因此,一些具有拟雌激素特性的环境内分泌干扰物(endocrine disruptors,EDs),会通过影响雌激素相关信号通路对免疫系统产生干扰作用。壬基酚(nonylphenol,NP)作为典型的环境内分泌干扰物,已有大量的文献报道其通过拟雌激素特性或干扰雌激素的合成、分泌、转运以及与靶点的结合,破坏机体生殖功能以及神经-免疫-内分泌系统,影响整体生理平衡与稳定。近年来,NP对免疫系统的干扰作用逐渐引起重视,研究发现,NP暴露会引起小鼠免疫器官及免疫细胞的发育异常,并且会导致新生小鼠肝毒性,肝脏细胞内炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β分泌增加。除NP作为配体干扰雌激素信号通路外,尚未发现其他明确的分子机制解释NP造成的免疫毒性。本综述主要结合近年来相关的实验结果,总结了NP对免疫系统的潜在影响及其可能的分子机制。     

基于深度学习的大数据空气污染预报

为了更好地反映环境污染变化趋势,为环境管理决策提供及时、全面的环境质量信息,预防严重污染事件发生,开展城市空气质量预报研究是十分必要的.本文针对环境大数据时代下的城市空气质量预报,提出了一种基于深度学习的新方法.该方法通过模拟人类大脑的神经连接结构,将数据在原空间的特征表示转换到具有语义特征的新特征空间,自动地学习得到层次化的特征表示,从而提高预报性能.得益于这种方式,新方法与传统方法相比,不仅可以利用空气质量监测、气象监测及预报等环境大数据,充分考虑污染物的时空变化、空间分布,得到语义性的污染物变化规律,还可以基于其他空气污染预测方法的结果(如数值预报模式),自动分析其适用范围、优势劣势.因此,新方法通过模拟人脑思考过程实现更充分的大数据集成,一定程度上克服了现有方法的缺陷,应用上更加具有灵活性和可操作性.最后,通过实验证明新方法可以提高空气污染预报性能.     

Insight into the dynamic microbial community and core bacteria in composting from different sources by advanced bioinformatics methods

Microbial communities are important for high composting efficiency and good quality composts. This study was conducted to compare the changes of physicochemical and bacterial characteristics in composting from different raw materials, including chicken manure (CM), duck manure (DM), sheep manure (SM), food waste (FW), and vegetable waste (VW). The role and interactions of core bacteria and their contribution to maturity in diverse composts were analyzed by advanced bioinformatics methods combined sequencing with co-occurrence network and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that there were obviously different bacterial composition and diversity in composting from diverse sources. FW had a low pH and different physiochemical characteristics compared to other composts but they all achieved similar maturity products. Redundancy analysis suggested total organic carbon, phosphorus, and temperature governed the composition of microbial species but key factors were different in diverse composts. Network analysis showed completely different interactions of core bacterial community from diverse composts but Thermobifida was the ubiquitous core bacteria in composting bacterial network. Sphaerobacter and Lactobacillus as core genus were presented in the starting mesophilic and thermophilic phases of composting from manure (CM, DM, SM) and municipal solid waste (FW, VW), respectively. SEM indicated core bacteria had the positive, direct, and the biggest (>?80%) effects on composting maturity. Therefore, this study presents theoretical basis to identify and enhance the core bacteria for improving full-scale composting efficiency facing more and more organic wastes.

     

Treatment of drilling fluid waste during oil and gas drilling: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Oil and gas exploration and development provide important energy sources for the world, and drilling fluid is an essential engineering material for...     

Removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions by residual sludge and its biochars

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from water solutions are critical for energy and environmental security. In this study, hydrochar at 100,...     

Study on macro-meso mechanical properties of cemented tailings backfill with high fly ash content

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The use of cement and fly ash (FA) to prepare cemented tailings backfill (CTB) lowers backfill mining costs while also reducing pollution caused by...     

Pyroligneous acids from biomass charcoal by-product as a potential non-selective bioherbicide for organic farming: its chemical components,greenhouse phytotoxicity and field efficacy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Effective and environmentally friendly herbicides are urgently needed to meet consumer demand for organic products. To evaluate the weed control...     

洋河水库泄洪对近岸海域水质的影响

基于验证良好的秦皇岛河流-海岸一二维耦合数学模型,探讨了洋河水库泄洪对近岸海域水质的影响。由于水库COD浓度略高于近岸海域COD标准浓度,但远低于河道水体COD浓度,水库开闸放水初期,河口海域COD日平均浓度和超标面积较泄洪前有所增大,此后随着水库的不断泄洪,海域COD日平均浓度和超标面积逐渐减小,最终趋于稳定,海域水质较泄洪前得到明显改善。在相同水库放水COD浓度下,泄量越大,携带水库下游河道的污染物入海越多,海域COD日平均浓度超标面积越大,且泄量与超标面积间服从线性函数关系。在污染物入海通量相同的情况下,减小污染物入海浓度在一定程度上可以改善近岸海域水质状况。     

降雨诱发公路滑坡社会风险评估∗

降雨诱发公路滑坡灾害威胁着行车人员的生命安全,评估公路滑坡社会风险具有重要意义。然而,目前的公路滑坡社会风险评估方法无法考虑不同伤亡人数的年发生概率。针对上述不足,提出公路滑坡两类影响方式下不同伤亡人数的年发生概率计算方法,两类影响方式分别为运动滑体冲击行进中车辆和运动车辆碰撞已滑落滑体。提出的方法被用于评估香港地区青山公路某滑坡社会风险。首先基于中国香港历史滑坡数据统计获得降雨诱发该滑坡的年发生概率,之后采用经验公式预测该滑坡可能的滑动距离,最后基于全概率理论对两类影响方式下不同伤亡人数的年发生概率分别进行计算,并基于F?N 图对社会风险进行评价。评价结果表明不同类型车辆人员的伤亡风险互不相同,运动滑体冲击行进中车辆造成的人员伤亡风险低于运动车辆碰撞已滑落滑体造成的人员伤亡风险。