钢渣预处理含铬废水及其废渣与铬渣的固化

用钢渣对含铬废水进行预处理，探讨了钢渣粒度、用量、废水pH值和添加硫酸亚铁还原剂的影响。结果表明，经硫酸亚铁还原处理后再用钢渣处理比单纯用钢渣处理的效果明显提高，采用钢渣／总铬质量比为40的100目钢渣处理经硫酸亚铁还原后的含铬废水，总铬和Cr^6＋去除率分别达79％和84％，采用钢渣柱进行的两级淋滤实验进一步表明该方法可作为工业上含铬废水处理的预处理段。处理后的废钢渣同工业铬渣一起进行水泥固化，标准养护20d后固化体表面Cr^6＋浸出率、破碎至5mm粒径以下和酸雨淋溶下的浸出液Cr^6＋浓度均符合安全标准，可作为普通建材或进行填埋处置。     

Sensitivity analysis of ground-level ozone concentration to emission changes in two urban regions of southeast Texas

Air pollutant emission is one of the predominant factors affecting urban air quality such as ground-level ozone formation. This paper assesses the impact of changing emission inventory scenarios, based on combinations of point, mobile, area/non-road and biogenic sources, on the tropospheric ozone concentration in two southeast Texas urban areas, i.e. Houston-Galveston and Beaumont-Port Arthur, during the rapid ozone formation event (ROFE) on August 25, 2000. The EPA's Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system with 1999 national emission inventory (NEI99) estimates and updated SAPRC99 chemical mechanism are used in the sensitivity analysis for twelve different emission scenarios. Based on model results, it is found that the point source emission of NOx and VOC contributes the greatest ozone peak in the ROFE. Removing Texas point sources of VOC and NOx emission from the inventory results in a reduction in peak O3 concentration by 128 and 70 ppbv in Houston urban area, respectively. Similar but less drastic impact from point source is also observed in the Beaumont-Port Arthur area. The effect on peak ozone concentration due to mobile, area and non-road sources emissions are less significant compared to that of point source emission. Reducing VOC emission appears to be more effective than reducing NOx emission in lowering peak O3 concentration in the studied region. Although biogenic emission can contribute up to 37 ppbv of peak ozone level over a large area, the affected area is away from the urban region of concern, and should not be the main cause for O3 non-attainment in the two urban areas. Removing CO emission from mobile sources does not lead to significant reduction (< 1 ppbv) in ozone concentrations. The modeled data also show that the transport of O3 precursors from adjacent states can cause a significant ozone plume near Beaumont due to its proximity to the state border based on the conditions during the August 25, 2000 O3 episode.     

WATER QUALITY MODELING FOR THE FEITSUI RESERVOIR IN NORTHERN TAIWAN1

ABSTRACT: Field data collected from the Feitsui Reservoir in Taiwan indicate that the water is at a stage between mesotrophic and eutrophic. Recent measurements such as total phosphorus, chlorophyll a and Secchi depth levels suggest that the water quality has been declining. A two‐dimensional, laterally averaged, finite difference hydrodynamic and water quality model was used to simulate the water quality in the Feitsui Reservoir in an effort to determine sound water quality management strategies. The model was calibrated and verified using data collected in 1996 and 1997. The calibrated model was used to simulate algal biomass (in terms of chlorophyll a) levels under various wasteload reduction scenarios. Model results show that 50 percent reduction of the total phosphorus load will improve the existing water quality, shifting the trophic status from eutrophic/mesotrophic to oligotrophic. The modeling effort has yielded valuable information that can be used by decision makers for the evaluation of different management strategies of reducing watershed nutrient loads.     

GIS支持下的土壤侵蚀量估算——以江西省泰和县灌溪乡为例

在地理信息技术（ＧＩＳ）的支持下，应用通用土壤侵蚀方程（ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓａｌＳｏｉｌＬｏｓｓＥｑｕａｔｉｏｎ，简称ＵＳＬＥ）估算了江西省泰和县灌溪乡的土壤侵蚀量。研究结果表明，当地表覆盖率大于１５％时，计算的结果与实测的数据有良好的相关性（０８７）。     

秦皇岛港煤三、四期码头及附近区域大气降尘环境污染分析

论述了煤炭港口大气降尘与煤尘污染的关系。通过对秦皇岛港煤三、四期码头及附近区域大气降尘的长期连续监测以及对资料进行整理，分析了大气降尘的分布特征，从而得到港口投产以来的煤尘污染变化及趋势。     

板料成形有限元分析的牛顿一致迭代算法

此文针对塑性成形有限元分析大增量加载的收敛性困难,推导了用于板料成形弹塑性有限元分析的牛顿一致迭代公式.数值算例表明,此迭代算法对于大增量步长加载,也能保证解的收敛,是无条件稳定的.     

赣东北中生代火山岩微量元素与稀土元素丰度及其演化

本文论述了赣东北中生代火山岩中微量元素与稀土元素在不同岩性岩相及时空上的分布规律:潜火山岩中Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn平均含量高于火山岩,尤以中酸性岩中较高,Ⅰ,Ⅱ旋回高于其他旋回。稀土元素由Ⅰ向Ⅱ旋回,由扬子地体向华夏地体,由爆发相向溢流相、潜火山岩相,由偏基性向中酸性岩演化;稀土配分模式是“L”型,火山岩物质来源于下地壳的部分熔融。     

河北沧州黑龙港地区粮食作物生产潜力估算

本文采用屡次分析法,运用1∶10万TM卫星图象对黑龙港类型区(沧州区域为例)农业生产水平类型划分的结果,分析计算了该区各种类型土地(高、中、低产田)的各级生产潜力和粮食作物生产潜力。得出沧州区域提高粮食生产潜力着眼点在高、中产田,主要措施是增加能量投入,合理用水,改良土壤。     

依法行政,促进环境执法的完善

环境执法是将环境法规中抽象的权利义务变成环境法中具体的权利义务的过程.环境执法是中国环境法制建设的一个重要组成部分.相关国家环保行政职能部门在行使行政权力时,享有很大的自由裁量权,他们能否合法有效地行使好行政权力,直接关系到国家的环保事业和发展.针对当前中国环境执法的现状及环境依法行政的重要意义,以期为政府制定相关环境执法政策、措施提供科学的决策依据和建议,提出了几点环境依法执法的构思:建立系统的、严谨的环境执法理论,树立崭新的执法理念,运用崭新的执法方式,严格依据法定程序办事,健全依法行政责任制和监督机制,推行政务公开,创建公正有效的执法环境.