用欧氏距离系数预报舟山海域赤潮发生指数等级

通过选取1996~2007年72个赤潮发生个例为一组样本,另外选取2004年4~9月之间前后3 d之内都没有赤潮发生的92个个例为另一组样本,对赤潮发生前3 d的气压、温度、相对湿度、风速、风向、降水、日照、云量等要素及某些要素3 d的累积值、以及增温的天数、降压的天数等共30个物理量做t统计量分析,并应用欧氏距离系数进行聚类,依此来判别赤潮发生的可能性。在对2008年舟山12次赤潮进行试报中,结果令人满意。     

浙江北部地区地下水高氟和高砷分布特点和建议

在分析了浙江北部地区地下水类型、特征、地下水开采现状和水位变化基础上,通过对不同类型地下水深井样品测试数据的研究,查明了区域地下水高氟和高砷的分布特点.高氟区主要出现于妙西花岗岩裂隙水和白雀岩溶水分布区,高砷区主要位于南浔第Ⅱ承压含水层局部区域.研究认为高氟和高砷地下水分布区与区域土壤和浅层地下水中总氟和总砷含量没有直接联系,深井地下水中的高氟和高砷主要与深部断裂构造有关.研究地区的这种高氟和高砷地下水目前仍然为很多居民所饮用,作者认为长期饮用这种高氟和高砷地下水容易导致地方病的产生,建议在高氟和高砷地下水分布区停止生活用水开采,有条件的企事业单位应实行改水方案.     

Isolation and characteristics of a novel biphenyl-degrading bacterial strain, Dyella ginsengisoli LA-4

A novel biphenyl-degrading bacterial strain LA-4 was isolated from activated sludge. It was identified as Dyella ginsengisoli according to phylogenetic similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence. This isolate could utilize biphenyl as sole source of carbon and energy, which degraded over 95 mg/L biphenyl within 36 h. The major metabolites formed from biphenyl, such as 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid (HOPDA) and benzoic acid, were identified by LC-MS. The crude cell extract of strain LA-4 exhibited the activity of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (2,3-DHBD) and the kinetic parameters were Km= 26.48 μmol/L and Vmax= 8.12 μmol/mg protein. A conserved region of the biphenyl dioxygenase gene bphA1 of strain LA-4 was amplified by PCR and confirmed by DNA sequencing.     

Pollutants removal and simulation model of combined membrane process for wastewater treatment and reuse in submarine cabin for long voyage

A laboratory scale test was conducted in a combined membrane process (CMP) with a capacity of 2.91 m3/d for 240 d to treat the mixed wastewater of humidity condensate, hygiene wastewater and urine in submarine cabin during prolonged voyage. Removal performance of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), turbidity and anionic surfactants (LAS) was investigated under di erent conditions. It was observed that the e uent COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS flocculated in ranges of 0.19–0.85 mg/L, 0.03–0.18 mg/L, 0.0–0.15 NTU and 0.0–0.05 mg/L, respectively in spite of considerable fluctuation in corresponding influent of 2120–5350 mg/L, 79.5–129.3 mg/L, 110–181.1NTU and 4.9–5.4 mg/L. The e uent quality of the CMP could meet the requirements of mechanical water and hygiene water according to the class I water quality standards in China (GB3838-2002). The removal rates of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS removed in the MBR were more than 90%, which indicated that biodegradation is indispensable and plays a major role in the wastewater treatment and reuse. A model, built on the back propagation neural network (BPNN) theory, was developed for the simulation of CMP and produced high reliability. The average error of COD and NH4 +-N was 5.14% and 6.20%, respectively, and the root mean squared error of turbidity and LAS was 2.76% and 1.41%, respectively. The results indicated that the model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS. It also suggested that the model proposed could reflect and manage the operation of CMP for the treatment of the mixed wastewaters in submarine.     

气相色谱内标法测定水中百菌清的方法优化

介绍了具有电子捕获检测器的气相色谱仪,用内标法在毛细色谱柱上测定百菌清的试验方法.通过内标物的比较得出,四氯间二甲苯是内标法测定百菌清的理想内标物.此方法精密度可达到RSD=0.32%,平均回收率可达到97.8%,方法检出限0.133μg/L,各项指标均优于现行国标方法GB/T5750.9-2006(9).     

传感器在水质监测中的应用探讨

传感器具有灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简便、价格低廉、快速、在线连续监测等优点,近年来在水污染监测方面得到了迅速的发展和应用.本文对此技术的原理、相关概念、特点、进展、技术难点及应用前景作了综述.     

我国工程环境监理的发展态势及建议

工程环境监理在我国刚刚起步,是一种新型的环境管理方式.文章结合工程环境监理工作实践,总结我国现阶段的工程环境监理,从内容、目标、对象、依据等方面对比分析了工程环境监理与工程监理、环境评价的关系,并提出建议,为工程环境监理的发展提供参考.     

水体中酞酸酯类环境激素污染及生物降解研究进展

酞酸酯是一类人工合成的环境激素类持久性难降解有机污染物,广泛用作塑料、农药及驱虫剂等的生产原料,由其引起的环境问题已受到许多国家的普遍关注.在此较系统地总结了酞酸酯类环境激素在环境中的污染状况,对近年来在酞酸酯类环境激素降解研究方面所取得的进展,酞酸酯类环境激素的环境行为及其在环境介质中的污染概况进行了综述,最后对酞酸酯类环境激素污染研究提出展望.     

高藻期太湖水处理工艺的研究

研究了混凝、超滤、臭氧、活性炭等工艺对高藻期太湖水的处理效果,结果表明:当进水浊度波动较大时,混凝超滤最终出水浊度平均为0.02 NTU,大大低于<生活饮用水卫生标准>(GB5749-2006)的上限值3.混凝-超滤-臭氧-活性炭组合工艺对CODMn的平均去除率达到90.5%,原水水质降至平均值1.16 mg/L,达到了<生活饮用水卫生标准>(GB5749-2006)的要求.该组合工艺对UV254的总去除率平均值为94.3%,去除效果明显,最终出水嗅阈值平均值为2,低于管道直饮水水质标准(Q/ZLS001-1998)的上限标准3.组合工艺出水未检测到藻类,保证了水质的生物稳定性.该组合工艺能充分发挥各自的作用,提高处理效果,保障饮用水的安全.     

滦河锡林郭勒盟段水质状况评价

利用水质指数法对滦河锡林郭勒盟段水质状况进行了分析评价,结果显示：（1）滦河锡林郭勒段2005-2007年主要污染因子为：高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、铁、生物需氧量、锰、总磷等;（2）2005-2007年间,上都河监测断面水质状况整体呈变好趋势,但地方经济增长带来的化学需氧量异常升高不容忽视,大河口断面不同水期水质状况变化不同;（3）2005-2007年,滦河锡林郭勒段化学需氧量与溶解氧超标污染加重明显、高锰酸盐指数超标污染逐渐减轻;三年内,上游水质均优于下游水质,两个监测断面水质均为丰水期水质〈平水期水质〈枯水期水质。