化学品测试合格实验室体系建设与发展

根据《新化学物质环境管理办法》要求,为新化学物质申报目的提供测试数据的境内测试机构,应当为环境保护部公告的化学物质测试机构,并接受环境保护部的监督和检查。拟通过借鉴国际合格实验室规范(GLP)基本原则和国内其他GLP认证工作经验做法,结合环境保护部已开展的检查考核工作和化学品测试实验室实际情况,探讨化学品测试合格实验室的管理现状和存在的问题,旨在为推动我国化学品测试合格实验室体系建设提供新的管理思路。     

黄金周旅游产品网络团购流流向特征研究——以拉手网、糯米网、窝窝团为例

从旅游产品网络团购的研究视角,以中国26个旅游地旅游产品网络团购流为研究数据,通过空间分析法、位序—规模法研究“十一黄金周”旅游产品网络团购流向、省际流向、省内流向特征.研究发现:①旅游产品团购流省际流向整体上表现出微弱离散、相对均衡分布特征,局部表现出一定的流向聚集性.②省内团购流流向受产品导向表现出集中性、首位集中性的特点,且团购流省内流向具有城市等级性.③团购流流向显示各省份旅游产品网络团购营销的强与弱、省内非省级城市团购营销的不足.     

民族地区城乡一体化发展评价研究——以甘南藏族自治州为例

在总结国内城乡一体化定量研究的基础上,结合甘南藏族自治州实际概况,运用客观赋权法构建了一套能反映民族地区城乡一体化发展水平的评价指标体系,并利用统计数据对甘南州2010年城乡一体化发展水平进行了静态实证研究。结果显示,甘南藏族自治州城乡一体化发展水平地域差异显著,二元经济结构格局的空间分布在一定程度上决定了城乡一体化水平的空间格局,城乡一体化发展水平与城镇化水平基本吻合。根据甘南州的实际情况,从产业结构调整、空间结构优化、政策扶持与制度保障三方面提出了推进城乡一体化的实施措施。     

辽宁沿海经济带区域发展的差异、格局及其态势

1995年以来辽宁沿海经济带得到了较好的发展,但区域经济的总体差异在不断扩大,通过计算锡尔系数,1995—2010年该经济带发展的总体差异呈现上升趋势,其中市间差异、市县间差异是造成这一现象形成的主要原因,同时县域经济差异也在不断的扩大。由于区位条件、经济基础和发展速度等诸多影响因素的不同,区域经济的空间格局形成了双核格局,双核与东西部经济发展的差异较大,尤其是西部经济的发展比较滞后,这也是引起辽宁沿海经济带区域经济总体差异扩大的原因。     

山海关海岸带盐生种子植物调查及生态应用探讨

对山海关滨海盐生植物及盐生植被景观和群落配置情况进行实地调查并参考历史文献,发现山海关滨海湿地共有盐生种子植物26科44属51种。结合山海关海岸带的气候、土壤理化性质及土地覆盖和利用的现状,选择乔、灌木类盐生植物3种,藤本类盐生植物1种,中生草本盐生植物5种,旱生草本盐生植物2种,湿生植物4种,共计15种作为滨海地区盐碱地改良和植被恢复的野生植物种类。     

浅析低碳技术的评价方法

低碳技术可分为3类:减碳技术、无碳技术、去碳技术,选择最优低碳技术是一个项目能否成功的关键。低碳技术评价的内容通常从能源使用率、经济效益、生命周期方面进行评价,对技术的综合性评价的基本方法大致有层次分析法、综合评分法、德尔菲法、熵值法、模糊综合评判法等,这些方法渗透于指标权重分析、模型建立评价当中。通过研究对这些技术的评价方法,确定最优的技术项目,以促进循环经济及可持续发展战略的实施和进行。     

黑龙江省区域技术创新能力评价研究

构建了区域技术创新能力评价指标体系.利用因子分析法对2010年黑龙江省的相关数据进行了分析,评价其13个区域的技术创新能力,并从人才创新能力、技术创新能力、环境保障能力、经济增长能力这4个层面探究了黑龙江省区域技术创新能力的差异以及提升其技术创新能力的对策.     

What factors determine whether a community will choose the pathway to sustainable development in China?

In this paper, we divide the communities in Central China into four groups, namely ecological high-poverty communities, non-ecological high-poverty communities, sustainable communities and non-ecological low-poverty communities. We use 2000 and 2006 data for 498 counties to conduct analysis and comparison between sustainable and unsustainable communities in order to define determinants of the development pathways to sustainable communities. The comparison of the variable means between the groups of ecological high-poverty communities and non-ecological high-poverty communities in 2006 indicates that there is no significant difference in the dimensions related to economy, society and environment, with the exception of average output value per industrial enterprise.

The non-ecological low-poverty communities are more likely to have a higher proportion of secondary industry, higher total industrial output value, higher average output value per industrial enterprise and higher intensity of infrastructure construction, compared to the sustainable communities. The factors that determine whether the communities will choose the pathway to sustainable communities are found to be landscape, social conditions of secondary industry and agriculture and economic development level. Hence, the policies that aim at promoting sustainability for the unsustainable communities will have to focus on different strategies and actions for non-ecological high-poverty and non-ecological low-poverty communities.     

大连市机动车尾气中氮氧化物排放研究

介绍了机动车尾气中NOx的成因和危害,结合大连市目前交通中机动车的调查现状,对大连市目前机动车尾气中NOx的排放现状、变化情况、新增排放量预测和减排潜力分析进行了阐述,提出了大连市机动车尾气中NOx控制目前面临的问题和困难,并讨论了NOx治理的对策,及对大连市经济、社会发展和环境空气质量改善的重要现实意义。     

Comprehensive and high-resolution emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants for the northernmost cities agglomeration of Harbin-Changchun, China: Implications for local atmospheric environment management

Using a bottom-up estimation method, a comprehensive, high-resolution emission inventory of gaseous and particulate atmospheric pollutants for multiple anthropogenic sectors with typical local sources has been developed for the Harbin-Changchun city agglomeration (HCA). The annual emissions for CO, NOx, SO₂, NH₃, VOC_S, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, BC and OC during 2017 in the HCA were estimated to be 5.82 Tg, 0.70 Tg, 0.34 Tg, 0.75 Tg, 0.81Tg, 0.67 Tg, 1.59 Tg, 0.12 Tg and 0.26 Tg, respectively. For PM₁₀ and SO₂, the emissions from industry processes were the dominant contributors representing 54.7% and 49.5%, respectively, of the total emissions, while 95.3% and 44.5% of the total NH₃ and NOx emissions, respectively, were from or associated with agricultural activities and transportation. Spatiotemporal distributions showed that most emissions (except NH₃) occurred in November to March and were concentrated in the central cities of Changchun and Harbin and the surrounding cities. Open burning of straw made an important contribution to PM_2.5 in the central regions of the northeastern plain during autumn and spring, while domestic coal combustion for heating purposes was significant with respect to SO₂ and PM_2.5 emissions during autumn and winter. Furthermore, based on Principal Component Analysis and Multivariable Linear Regression model, air temperature, relative humidity, electricity and energy consumption, and the urban and rural population were optimized to be representative indicators for rapidly assessing the magnitude of regional atmospheric pollutants in the HCA. Such indicators and equations were demonstrated to be useful for local atmospheric environment management.