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141.
Rui Chi Hongyu Li Qian Wang Qiangrong Zhai Daidai Wang Meng Wu Qichen Liu Shaowei Wu Qingbian M Furong Deng Xinbiao Guo 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(12):154-163
Previous studies have reported associations of short-term exposure to different sources of ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) and increased mortality or hospitalizations for respiratory diseases. Few studies, however, have focused on the short-term effects of source-specific PM_(2.5) on emergency room visits(ERVs) of respiratory diseases. Source apportionment for PM_(2.5) was performed with Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF) and generalized additive model was applied to estimate associations between source-specific PM_(2.5) and respiratory disease ERVs. The association of PM_(2.5) and total respiratory ERVs was found on lag4(RR = 1.011, 95%CI: 1.002, 1.020) per interquartile range(76 μg/m~3) increase.We found PM_(2.5) to be significantly associated with asthma, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) ERVs, with the strongest effects on lag5(RR = 1.072,95%CI: 1.024, 1.119), lag4(RR = 1.104, 95%CI: 1.032, 1.176) and lag3(RR = 1.091, 95%CI: 1.047,1.135), respectively. The estimated effects of PM_(2.5) changed little after adjusting for different air pollutants. Six primary PM_(2.5) sources were identified using PMF analysis, including dust/soil(6.7%), industry emission(4.5%), secondary aerosols(30.3%), metal processing(3.2%),coal combustion(37.5%) and traffic-related source(17.8%). Some of the sources were identified to have effects on ERVs of total respiratory diseases(dust/soil, secondary aerosols, metal processing, coal combustion and traffic-related source), bronchitis ERVs(dust/soil) and COPD ERVs(traffic-related source, industry emission and secondary aerosols). Different sources of PM_(2.5) contribute to increased risk of respiratory ERVs to different extents, which may provide potential implications for the decision making of air quality related policies, rational emission control and public health welfare. 相似文献
142.
Quantitative assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants in Qingdao, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in sewage sludge samples from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Qingdao, China. These WWTPs differ in the type of treatment used and in the origin of the wastewater. The total amounts of PAHs in digested sludges ranged from 1.9645 to 6.5752 mg/kg, which did not exceed the projected European Union cut-off limits (6 mg/kg) for sludge found in farmland, except for the Haibohe WWTP. Significant differences were observed in overall PAH values between WWTPs receiving domestic effluents and those receiving industrial effluents. The total amounts of PAHs in digested sludge from the Licunhe and Haibohe WWTPs, which mainly received industrial effluents, were markedly higher than those of the Tuandao and Huangdao WWTPs, which received only domestic effluents. The distribution of PAH compounds in digested sludges were analysed. At the Tuandao, Huangdao and Licunhe WWTPs, 2-, 3-, 4-benzene rings were predominant, accounting for 100%, 99.8% and 99.0% of the sum concentration of 16 PAHs (∑PAHs), respectively. At the Haibohe WWTP, a large number of high molecular weight PAHs (5-, 6-benzene rings) were observed, accounting for 30% of the ∑PAHs. The sum of seven carcinogenic PAHs (∑PAHs-c) ranged from 0.8694 to 3.0389 mg/kg in four WWTPs. The highest value was found in the Haibohe WWTP. Moreover, the PAH concentrations in sludges from the different treatment processes in the Licunhe and Tuandao WWTPs are discussed. 相似文献
143.
三峡库区荔枝,龙眼的适宜性评价与开发利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
荔枝、龙眼等南亚热带水果是三峡库区的特色水果,不论从栽培历史和当地的气候条件看都适宜在库区的川江河谷地段种植;恢复和发展荔枝、龙眼生产的主要技术措施有:加速品种更新改造、搞好种植区划和发展规划以及合理增加投入和加强储藏保鲜技术研究与应用等。 相似文献
144.
Based on growth level and peroxidase activity, a comparative study and paried-samples t test were made between vires-free Zaosu pear seedlings and the seedlings inoculated with apple stem grooving virus(ASGV). The results showed : ( 1 )virus-free Zaosu pear seedlings grew better than inoculated ones. Of the seedlings the height, diameter, branches and autumn braches differed statistically significantly; (2)the peroxidase activity of inoculated seedlings was higher than that of virus-free ones, and the peak of peroxidase activity occurred on about d 7 and d 24 after inoculation. Fig 1, Tab 1, Ref 9 相似文献
145.
Nanometer zinc oxide (ZnO) powders were used as a catalyst to enhance the ozonation for the degradation of dichloroacetic acid
(DCAA) in aqueous solution. The batch experiments were carried out to investigate the e ects of key factors such as catalyst dosage,
ozone dosage, solution pH and tert-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH) on the degradation e ciency of DCAA. Density functional theory (DFT)
was adopted to explore the mechanism of generating hydroxyl radical (.OH) on the ZnO surface. The results showed that adsorption
and ozonation processes were not e ective for DCAA removal, and the addition of ZnO catalyst improved the degradation e ciency of
DCAA during ozonation, which caused an increase of 22.8% for DCAA decomposition compared to the case of ozonation alone after 25
min. Under the same experimental conditions, the DCAA decomposition was enhanced by increasing catalyst dosage from 100 to 500
mg/L and ozone dosage from 0.83 to 3.2 mg/L. The catalytic ozonation process is more pronounced than the ozonation process alone at
pH 3.93, 6.88, and 10. With increasing the concentration of t-BuOH from 10 to 200 mg/L, the degradation of DCAA was significantly
inhibited in the process of catalytic ozonation, indicating that ZnO catalytic ozonation followed .OH reaction mechanism. Based on
the experimental results and DFT analysis, it is deduced that the generation of .OH on the ZnO surface is ascribed to the adsorption of
molecule ozone followed by the interaction of adsorbed ozone with active sites of the catalyst surface. It is also concluded that ZnO
may be an e ective catalyst for DCAA removal, which could promote the formation of .OH derived from the catalytic decomposition
of ozone. 相似文献
146.
中原历史文化博大精深,对中国现代大学生有着重要的教育意义,强调大学课堂教学应与中原历史文化教育结合起来,加大对中原历史文化的讲授与传播,有助于帮助大学生树立正确的世界观、价值观、人生观,推进社会主义和谐社会事业建设. 相似文献
147.
内置渗透墙型生态塘处理农村生活污水的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过在传统的生态塘中增设了一道活性渗透墙而改造成的内置渗透墙型生态塘。结果表明,内置渗透墙型生态塘对生活污水具有良好的处理效果,在水力负荷为0.05~0.1m^3/m^2·d之间时,即水力停留时间在10d~20d时,它对COD的去除率在60%以上,对TN的去除率在50%以上,对TP的去除率在75%以上。大大减轻了后序工艺的负担,减少了后序处理设施。从而缩小了整个生态塘系统的占地面积,节省了基建投资,是一种高效的适合农村生活污水处理的技术。 相似文献
148.
149.
Cyanobacteria-/cyanotoxin-contaminations and eutrophication status before
Wuxi Drinking Water Crisis in Lake Taihu, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
After the appalling “Wuxi DrinkingWater Crisis”, increasing investigations concerning the contaminations of cyanobacterial blooms
and their toxins in Lake Taihu have been performed and reported in the last two years. However, information regarding these issues
before the crisis in 2007 remained insu cient. To provide some background data for further comparisons, the present study reported
our investigations conducted in 2004, associated with the cyanotoxin contaminations as well as the eutrophication status in Lake
Taihu. Results from the one-year-study near a drinking water resource for Wuxi City indicated that, unlike the status in recent two
years, cyanobacteria and chlorophyta are the co-dominance species throughout the year. The highest toxin concentration (34.2 ng/mL)
in water columns occurred in August. In bloom biomass, the peak value of intracellular toxin (0.59 g/mg DW) was determined in
October, which was lag behind that in water column. In addition, MC-RR was the major toxin variant throughout the year. During the
study period, nutrients levels of total nitrogen and phosphorus were also recorded monthly. Results from the present study will lead to
a better understanding of the eutrophication status and the potential risks before “Wuxi Drinking Water Crisis”. 相似文献
150.