臭氧+曝气生物滤池深度处理工艺试验研究

针对某污水厂出水不达标的情况,本研究采用臭氧(O3)和曝气生物滤池(BAF)组合工艺对其进行深度处理.结果表明,当采用两级臭氧+曝气生物滤池工艺时,出水COD在31～46 mg/L,色度在13～29倍,均达到一级A排放标准.在最佳运行条件下,臭氧氧化使相对分子质量大于50 000的有机物含量减少10％,小于1 000的有机物含量增加14％.曝气生物滤池工艺使相对分子质量小于1 000的有机物含量降低了24％.     

沸石改良土壤的研究进展

沸石因其独特的晶体结构具有较强的离子交换能力和吸附能力,作为良好的土壤改良剂逐步引起了人们的广泛重视。简要综述了沸石对土壤的理化性质、重金属、植物、微生物和酶的影响及其研究进展。     

5种沉水植物对重金属富集能力的对比研究

为了探求不同的沉水植物对水体中重金属吸收富集能力的差异,采用原子吸收光谱法,对淮河支流东风渠水体及水体中常见的5种沉水植物:菹草、黑藻、龙须眼子菜、穗花狐尾藻及小茨藻进行了铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)含量分析。结果表明:5种沉水植物样品中重金属含量远远高于水体重金属背景值,对重金属Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn的富集系数为58~1 515,对Zn富集最强,最大富集量达到242.42 mg/kg,富集系数为1 515。不同的沉水植物对重金属的吸收富集优势存在明显差异,利用沉水植物来修复水体重金属污染时,须依据不同的污染元素来选择合适的沉水植物。     

苏南典型河段磷的分布及释放特性研究

通过测定常州典型河段河水和底泥中的磷含量,同时分析了磷在不同底泥颗粒中含量分布的变化,阐述了河流中磷的分布和转移趋势。结果表明:河水中的磷含量通常低于底泥间隙水中的磷含量,但当河流发生富营养化后,底泥中的磷大量向上层水体释放,使得河水中的磷含量不断增加。底泥有效磷与总磷含量之间没有明显相关性,而与底泥间隙水的磷含量之间存在着交换平衡。底泥颗粒以2μm~50μm的粒级为主,即以细砂和粉砂质有机-无机聚合体矿物颗粒为主。磷在底泥颗粒中的含量随着底泥粒径的增大而减少,且粒径越大的颗粒对磷的吸附能力越弱,其中的磷向外释放的可能性越大。     

重庆主城区大气总悬浮颗粒中有机碳和元素碳污染特征分析

在四个季节采样分析的基础上，本文报道了重庆市主城区江北区(商住区)和缙云山(清洁对照点)两个监测点总悬浮颗粒物质量浓度的空间分布和季节变化特征，同时利用热分解示差热导法元素分析仪测定了TSP中的OC和EC浓度，探讨了OC和EC含量并与北京相应功能区的TSP质量浓度及其OC和EC浓度进行了比较。结果表明：重庆市商住区和对照点TSP年均质量浓度均小于北京市商住区和对照点；重庆市商住区OC和EC年均质量浓度高于北京市商住区，北京市对照点OC和EC年均质量浓度高于重庆市对照点。两个城市的四个监测点OC／EC年均值均大于2．0，说明两城市城区二次污染比较严重。     

Sulfur speciation and bioaccumulation in camphor tree leaves as atmospheric sulfur indicator analyzed by synchrotron radiation XRF and XANES

Analyzing and understanding the effects of ambient pollution on plants is getting more and more attention as a topic of environmental biology.A method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was established to analyze the sulfur concentration and speciation in mature camphor tree leaves (CTLs),which were sampled from 5 local fields in Shanghai,China.Annual SO2 concentration,SO42-concentration in atmospheric particulate,SO42-and sulfur concentration in soil were also analyzed to explore the relationship between ambient sulfur sources and the sulfur nutrient cycling in CTLs.Total sulfur concentration in mature camphor tree leaves was 766-1704 mg/kg.The mainly detected sulfur states and their corresponding compounds were +6 (sulfate,include inorganic sulfate and organic sulfate),+5.2 (sulfonate),+2.2 (suloxides),+0.6 (thiols and thiothers),+0.2 (organic sulfides).Total sulfur concentration was strongly correlated with sulfate proportion with a linear correlation coefficient up to 0.977,which suggested that sulfur accumulated in CTLs as sulfate form.Reduced sulfur compounds (organic sulfides,thiols,thioethers,sulfoxide and sulfonate) assimilation was sufficed to meet the nutrient requirement for growth at a balanced level around 526 mg/kg.The sulfate accumulation mainly caused by atmospheric sulfur pollution such as SO2 and airborne sulfate particulate instead of soil contamination.From urban to suburb place,sulfate in mature CTLs decreased as the atmospheric sulfur pollution reduced,but a dramatic increase presented near the seashore,where the marine sulfate emission and maritime activity pollution were significant.The sulfur concentration and speciation in mature CTLs effectively represented the long-term biological accumulation of atmospheric sulfur pollution in local environment.     

我国自然资源的形成和分布

我国是世界大国之一,土地面积约960×10⁴km²,占全球陆地总面积的6.5%,人口超过10亿,约占世界人口总数的23%。在这片辽阔的国土上,自然地理环境复杂多样,自然资源丰富多采,为工农业生产提供了可靠的物质基础。但是,由于人口众多,平均每人占有各种自然资源却较少,一般都低于世界平均数。况且,在我国许多地区,森林的滥伐,水土的流失,土地的退化,环境的污染等方面都已达到了十分严重的程度。因此,如何     

一种有机硅改性丙烯酸防污涂料的研究

目的通过在丙烯酸树脂分子中引入有机硅,制备一种具有低表面能的有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂CP-CC021。方法探讨合成工艺中有机硅单体和引发剂含量以及添加纳米级Si O2粒子填料对涂层性能的影响规律。结果获得了最大接触角的最佳工艺条件,添加纳米Si O2粒子增大了涂层的表面粗糙度,在涂层表面形成了大量微-纳结构状的突起,显著提高涂层的疏水性能。结论有机硅单体(VTMS)质量分数为23.0%,引发剂(AIBN)质量分数为0.50%,纳米Si O2粒子添加量(质量分数)为7.4%,得到的涂层接触角为126.1°。     

Fabrication and photoelectrocatalytic properties of nanocrystalline monoclinic BiVO4 thin-film electrode

Monoclinic bismuth vanadate(BiVO4) thin film was fabricated on indium-tin oxide glass from an amorphous heteronuclear complex via dip-coating.After annealation at 400,500,and 600°C,the thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The BiVO4 particles on the ITO glass surface had a monoclinic structure.The UV-Visible diffuse reflection spectra showed the BiVO4 thin film had photoabsorption propertie...     

染料废水在旋转式光催化反应器中的降解研究

采用旋转式光催化反应器处理染料废水,探讨染料ｐＨ值,液层厚度,反应器转速,光照时间对脱色效率的影响．结果表明,对所试染料品种,ｐＨ６为最佳值,２０ｍｉｎ为最佳反应时间．液层厚度和反应器旋转速度对半导体光催化氧化反应有一定影响．在优化条件下采用悬浮态ＴｉＯ２时,偶氮染料的脱色率为９８％,采用ＴｉＯ２器壁固定时为７８．５％～９１．５％