Clean and effective removal of Cl(-I) from strongly acidic wastewater by PbO2

Recycling strongly acidic wastewater as diluted H₂SO₄ after contaminants contained being removed was previously proposed, however, Cl(-I), a kind of contaminant contained in strongly acidic wastewater, is difficult to remove, which severely degrades the quality of recycled H₂SO₄. In this study, the removal of Cl(-I) using PbO₂ was investigated and the involved mechanisms were explored. The removal efficiency of Cl(-I) reached 93.38% at 50℃ when PbO₂/Cl(-I) mole ratio reached 2:1. The identification of reaction products shows that Cl(-I) was oxidized to Cl₂, and PbO₂ was reduced to PbSO₄. Cl₂ was absorbed by NaOH to form NaClO, which was used for the regeneration of PbO₂ from the generated PbSO₄. Cl(-I) was removed through two pathways, i.e., surface oxidation and •OH radical oxidation. •OH generated by the reaction of PbO₂ and OH⁻ plays an important role in Cl(-I) removal. The regenerated PbO₂ had excellent performance to remove Cl(-I) after six-time regeneration. This study provided an in-depth understanding on the effective removal of Cl(-I) by the oxidation method.     

An integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression in the brains of Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice after real-world PM2.5 exposure

Fine particulatematter (PM2.5) is associated with increased risks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD),yet the toxicologicalmechanisms of PM2.5 promoting AD remain unclear. In this study,wildtype and APP/PS1 transgenic mice (AD mice) were exposed to either filtered air (FA) or PM2.5 for eight weeks with a real-world exposure system in Taiyuan, China (mean PM2.5 concentration in the cage was 61 μg/m3). We found that PM2.5 exposure could remarkably aggravate AD mice’s ethological and brain ultrastructural damage, along with the elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), Aβ-42 and AChE levels and the decline of ChAT levels in the brains. Based on high-throughput sequencing results, some differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and DE miRNAs in the brains of AD mice after PM2.5 exposure were screened.Using RT-qPCR, seven DEmiRNAs (mmu-miR-193b-5p, 122b-5p, 466h-3p, 10b-5p, 1895, 384–5p, and 6412) and six genes (Pcdhgb8, Unc13b, Robo3, Prph, Pter, and Tbata) were evidenced the and verified. Two miRNA-target gene pairs (miR-125b-Pcdhgb8 pair and miR-466h-3p-IL-17Rα/TGF-βR2/Aβ-42/AChE pairs) were demonstrated that they were more related to PM2.5-induced brain injury. Results of Gene Ontology (GO) pathways and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways predicted that synaptic and postsynaptic regulation, axon guidance, Wnt, MAPK, and mTOR pathways might be the possible regulatory mechanisms associated with pathological response. These revealed that PM2.5- elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and PM2.5-altered neurotransmitter levels in AD mice could be the important causes of brain damage and proposed the promising miRNA andmRNA biomarkers and potentialmiRNA-mRNA interaction networks of PM2.5-promoted AD.     

无居民海岛土地开发适宜性动态评价——以福建平潭大屿岛为例

无居民海岛开发与保护是当前我国国土空间开发与海洋可持续发展的重要议題,开发适宜性评价关乎其开发保护格局的优化。本研究以福建平潭大屿岛为例,采用GIS空间分析技术和层次分析法评估海岛开发前（2014年）和开发后（2019年）的土地开发适宜性动态变化。结果表明,2019年现状开发区域占2014年土地适宜性评价中适宜开发区的43.8%,反映现有开发空间格局尚待优化;对比开发前后,适宜开发位置基本不变,但部分开发前的不适宜开发地区转为开发后的限制开发区,说明2019年以后开发潜力增大。研究结果可为大屿岛的空间用途管制以及我国类似无居民海岛的开发与保护提供借鉴。     

流域水污染综合防治的生态效益分析

将模糊综合评价和pead生长曲线法引入到流域水污染防治的效益分析当中，建立了流域水污染防治的生态效益分析方法。以云南省寻甸县牛栏江小流域水污染综合防治规划为例，采用模糊数学法对水污染造成的水资源价值损失进行了估算，采用曲线法对水污染综合防治的生态价值进行分析，得刭水资源价值和生态价值分别为2730．3万元／年和491．45万元／年。最后将所有经济效益和费用贴现，计算效费比为3．68。分析结果可知，牛栏江小流域水污染综合防治具有良好的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益。     

基于集对分析法的农田土壤环境质量评价

集对分析是一种新的不确定性分析方法,其联系度概念具有鲜明的辨证性、完整性,使其成为处理不确定性问题的有效方法。农田土壤环境质量受多种因素影响,具有较强的不确定性,因此拟引入集对分析理论,以江汉平原后湖农场为研究对象,应用单因子指数法和集对分析法对其农田土壤环境质量进行综合评价。结果表明,研究区9种单要素污染程度依次为Cd＞Zn＞As＞Cu＞DDT＞Hg＞Cr＞Pb＞HCH,Cd为主要污染元素,8个地块已受到Cd的轻度污染,土壤中的农药残留主要成分为滴滴涕;集对分析结果显示8745%的农田是安全的,1255%的农田处于轻污染状态。整体而言,江汉平原农田土壤环境质量属清洁和安全范围,符合发展现代农业的要求。集对分析法为农田土壤环境质量评价提供了一种新的思路。     

基于流域演化的泥石流敏感性分析

基于泥石流来源于某些处于特殊演化阶段的分支小流域的理论,分析了面积高程曲线及其参数与泥石流活动的关系。面积高程曲线积分值S表征流域内松散固体物质量,S/2对应的相对高差比值K表征流域源地面积在不同高程的分布,以S和K为参数提出泥石流敏感性分析思路。针对汶川县主要公路(都汶公路和省道303)沿线泥石流敏感性分析,在Arcgis、Matlab等软件的支持下,基于震前1:50 000地形数据,计算了研究区泥石流流域的S和K。根据计算结果,初步判定了各流域的地貌发育阶段,以及流域源地汇水区的高程位置。并根据震后泥石流实际活动情况,对于S小于0.5但又属于震后频发型,或者S值大于0.5但其面积较大且分支较多泥石流沟,进行了次一级子流域的面积高程值计算,判定其易发生泥石流具体源地。最后,根据流域面积高程值S得出了研究区泥石流敏感性分级图,分析结果基本反应了地貌演化对泥石流发生能力的潜在影响。     

基于空间尺度效应的西南地区植被NPP影响因子探测

植被净初级生产力(NPP)是评价陆地生态系统质量的重要参数,研究植被NPP时空演变特征及其驱动力对区域生态环境保护和可持续发展具有重大意义.基于MODIS NPP数据、气象数据、 DEM数据、人口密度数据、 GDP数据和土地利用类型数据,采用一元线性回归分析、 R/S分析和地理探测器模型,分析西南地区及其六大地貌单元植被NPP时空演变特征及未来变化趋势,探究植被NPP空间分异的影响因子.结果表明,2000～2020年西南地区植被NPP整体呈极显著上升趋势.地貌单元中,除青藏高原南部外,其余地貌单元植被NPP均表现为改善态势,其中四川盆地和云贵高原表现为极显著改善.西南地区的植被NPP变化斜率整体呈现“东高西低”的分布格局.西南地区及各地貌单元植被NPP呈上升趋势的区域面积均大于呈下降趋势的区域面积,但未来植被NPP变化趋势均以下降为主.地理探测器结果表明,除云贵高原植被NPP空间分异主要受气温影响外,海拔是西南地区及各地貌单元植被NPP空间分异的主导因子.交互探测结果表明,影响因子之间的交互作用均表现为双因子增强或非线性增强,其中,海拔∩温度对西南地区植被NPP空间分异的解释力最大.地...