中国石油污染源在线监测系统简介

文章阐述了中国石油污染源在线监测系统建设的必要性、建设原则及建设目标,分析了污染源在线监测系统的组成及系统功能等基本情况,提出持续系统建设、加强在线监测设备管理、加强系统运维管理、强化监督考核、促进系统应用等运行维护建议。     

A preliminary investigation on the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the Beijiang River, South China

The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was investigated and quantified in 20 water samples collected in the Beijiang River, South China. Sulfonamide- and tetracycline-resistant bacteria were present in 17 and 14 of the collected 20 samples. For sulfonamide ARGs, sulI and sulII were frequently observed in the Beijiang River. The levels of sulI were higher than sulII (p < 0.05), with the mean values of (1.41 ± 1.12) × 10-2 and (1.58 ± 1.71) × 10-3 copies/16S rDNA, respectively. For tetracycline ARGs, tetG had the highest frequency, 100%, followed by tetA (85%), tetO (85%), tetC (70%), tetX (60%), tetM (40%) and tetQ (20%), while tetE and tetS were not detected in all the samples from the Beijiang River. On the other hand, tetC had the highest concentration, ranging from 8.30 × 10-2 to 13.20 copies/16S rDNA. The poor correlation between ARGs and antibiotic concentrations revealed that the self-amplification and persistence of ARGs were the reasons that made ARGs exist in the water environment even though the antibiotic selecting pressure was absent. Because so few field measurements have been conducted for investigating the levels of ARGs in rivers in South China, this study provides an important insight on better understanding the occurrence and spread of ARGs in such an ecosystem.     

玉米,大豆中减钾总β放射性的快速测定方法

本文以原子吸收光谱法代替经典的化学法测定钾含量,以短时间方法测定总β,经优选条件后,实现了减钾总β放射性的快速分析。     

灾害史研究中的年代换算及其软件

“灾害史中的年代换算（TCHD）”软件是进行年代换算的专用软件。本文研究了几种主要历法的年代换算的具体算法．介绍了该软件的结构，流程和功能．TCHD软件使灾害学和历史学等领域的研究人员摆脱了传统的朔闰表式的历法对照和检索方式，并成为灾害史工作计算机化的一部分。     

Interactions between organic flocculant PAN-DCD and dyes

Organic flocculant polyacrylonitrile-dicyandiamide (PAN-DCD) was characterized by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. Polar groups, such as triazine, carboxyl, amidine, carbonamide and non-polar groups, such as methylene were identified in the macromolecular chain of PAN-DCD. The flocculant effectively decolorized the examined dyes in their aqueous solutions under acid condition. By comparing the IR spectra of dyes with that of PAN-DCD and that of flocs formed, weak chemical interactions between amino in PAN-DCD side chain and sulfonic acid group in the dye molecules were observed through the formation of -NH3+ SO3(-)-, NH2+ SO3(-)- or/and =NH+ SO3(-)-. By using equilibrium dialysis technique, the hydrophobic interactions between PAN-DCD and the dyes in the binding process were also observed from the experimental results. The binding extent of PAN-DCD to dye KN-R was greater than that of MO. The addition of urea into the binding system of KN-R by PAN-DCD reduced the first binding constant K from 12.2 x 10(5) (without urea) to 3.48 x 10(5) (with urea).     

联邦德国的"他山绿石"--访德国驻华大使薄德磊先生(Mr.Broudre-Groeger)

德国的环境保护在全球范围内都是有口皆碑，其尖端的环保技术、优美的自然环境、清洁的城市面貌，都给世人留下了深刻印象，特别是德国公民的环境意识更是让世人“羡慕”和尊敬，一个高度工业化的国家是如何摆脱发展与污染的困境？我们又能借鉴什么经验？不久前记者采访了德国驻华大使薄德磊先生。     

南方地区荒坡山地种植龙须草的生态效益研究

通过定位试验 ,采用定性与定量相结合的方法 ,研究了荒坡地种植龙须草对土壤理化性状、草地小气候环境和水土流失等的影响。结果表明 ,种植龙须草能降低土壤容重 ,提高土壤总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和毛管孔隙度 ,改善土壤通气透水性能 ,增加土壤贮水量 ,降低土温 ,减少水土流失 ,提高土壤肥力 ,可取得良好的生态效益。     

打一场防治荒漠化的持久战

“单车欲问边，属国过居延。征蓬出汗塞，归雁入胡天。大漠孤烟直，长河落日圆。萧关逢侯骑，都护在燕然。”     

压力机曲轴连杆机构降噪研究

本文讨论压力机连杆机构发声机理和降噪方法，采用平衡器后可降低噪声３～４ｄＢ（Ａ），如同时采用低噪声模具，单台压力机噪声可下降７～１０ｄＢ（Ａ）。     

传统的超越与反思：可持续发展普世伦理的构建

本文认为可持续发展本涉及的是普世伦理问题,可持续发展目标的实现有赖于普适伦理规范的建立。在此基础上,本文初步分析了普世伦理的前提和原则,较详细地探讨了人与自然的伦理关系。