排序方式: 共有51条查询结果,搜索用时 437 毫秒
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于2016年对宜兴市大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)和臭氧(O_3)的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,宜兴市O3年均值为62.92μg/m~3,其中冬季值最低(31.19μg/m~3),夏季值最高(94.96μg/m~3)。φ(VOCs)为(11.00~42.45)×10~(-9),其中丙酮(12.7%)、乙酸乙酯(8.8%)和丙烯(3.3%)等在VOCs中占比位于前3位。各站点φ(甲苯)/φ(苯)2,全年的φ(甲苯)/φ(苯)φ(乙苯)/φ(苯)φ(间、对二甲苯)/φ(苯)。指出VOCs主要来源为有机溶剂和道路交通,并受到一定的外来输送影响。各站点φ(VOCs)/φ(NOx)为0.94~2.44,O3处于VOCs敏感区。 相似文献
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Guyonnet D Bodénan F Brons-Laot G Burnol A Chateau L Crest M Méhu J Moszkowicz P Piantone P 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2008,28(10):1963-1976
Predicting the impact on the subsurface and groundwater of a pollutant source, such as municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration ash, requires a knowledge of the so-called "source term". The source term describes the manner in which concentrations in dissolved elements in water percolating through waste evolve over time, for a given percolation scenario (infiltration rate, waste source dimensions, etc.). If the source term is known, it can be coupled with a model that simulates the fate and transport of dissolved constituents in the environment of the waste (in particular in groundwater), in order to calculate potential exposures or impacts. The standardized laboratory upward-flow percolation test is generally considered a relevant test for helping to define the source term for granular waste. The LIMULE project (Multiple-Scale Leaching) examined to what extent this test, performed in very specific conditions, could help predict the behaviour of waste at other scales and for other conditions of percolation. Three distinct scales of percolation were tested: a laboratory upward-flow percolation column (30cm), lysimeter cells (1-2m) and a large column (5m) instrumented at different depths. Comparison of concentration data collected from the different experiments suggests that for some non-reactive constituents (Cl, Na, K, etc.), the liquid versus solid ratio (L/S) provides a reasonable means of extrapolating from one scale to another; if concentration data are plotted versus this ratio, the curves coincide quite well. On the other hand, for reactive elements such as chromium and aluminium, which are linked by redox reactions, the L/S ratio does not provide a means of extrapolation, due in particular to kinetic control on reactions. Hence extrapolation with the help of coupled chemistry-transport modelling is proposed. 相似文献
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兼顾生态系统功能和生态需求强度的城市生态用地重要性评价——以长沙市为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生态环境保护和城市经济发展的矛盾由来已久,科学评价生态用地的重要性,对维护区域生态安全和引导城市有序扩张具有重要意义。生态用地的重要性不仅由生态用地自身的生态系统功能决定,同时受到人类生态需求强度的影响。选取生物多样性维持功能、土壤保持功能、水源涵养功能、户外休闲需求和生态用地稀缺度等指标,以长沙市中心城区为研究区,构建了兼顾生态系统功能和区域生态需求强度的生态用地重要性评价模型,进行了生态用地重要性评价。其中,生态系统功能通过生物多样性维持功能、土壤保持功能、水源涵养功能量化,区域生态需求强度通过户外休闲需求和生态用地稀缺度量化。实验结果表明:长沙市中心城区生态用地空间分布差异显著,极重要生态用地主要由大面积集中连片的森林、重要饮水源地和高质量的耕地构成,既包括城市外围提供生态屏障的大块生态用地,同时包括人口稠密城市建成区内的湿地、河流等小面积生态用地。与传统评价模型相比,构建的模型能够体现人类需求的影响,结果更符合人们的实际生态需要。 相似文献
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贵州主要农业自然灾害及其防御对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在论述了贵州各种主要农业自然灾害多发性和危害性事实的基础上,对农业减灾防灾对策措施提出了若干建议。 相似文献
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农业洪涝灾害脆弱性成因分析及评估——以湖南省衡阳市为例 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
自然灾害灾情是灾害系统的脆弱性和致灾因子的风险性共同作用的结果。在同一致灾强度下,灾情随脆弱性的增强而加重,降低灾害脆弱性可减轻灾害造成的直接经济损失,因此灾害脆弱性的研究对防灾抗灾具有重要的意义。衡阳市是湖南省重要的农业生产基地之一,也是洪涝灾害较重地区之一。灾害损失与衡阳市农业洪涝灾害脆弱性密切相关,这种脆弱性是自然因素和人为因素在一定的时空条件下耦合的产的。分析了汛期降水和暴雨、植被和土壤、水利设施、经济发展水平等因素在洪涝灾害脆弱性形成中的作用。依据长时间序列的气象资料和经济统计数据,运用数学模型和有关优化分析方法,对衡阳市农业洪涝灾害脆弱性进行定量评估,得出结论:西南部、东北部的洪涝灾害脆弱性高于西北部、东南部的脆弱性。这种规律性与该区洪涝灾害历史发生规律有一定的对应性,说明本研究对该区防洪抗涝决策有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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赵历男 《中国人口.资源与环境》2003,13(2):88-91
本文在分析我国城市可持续发展对智能运输系统管理规划的需求的基础上,指出了我国城市交通存在的问题,并根据我国城市的特点,提出了制定城市智能运输系统管理规划的原则和注意事项,并对城市智能运输系统管理规划的总体结构和总体配置,以及实施步骤提出了设想。 相似文献
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关于消费者对转基因农产品认知的调查 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
调查发现有不少声称调查前就对转基因农产品“知道一点”,但了解的程度却有很大差别,其实更多的人并不真正了解,在对待基因农产品的态度上表现出相当的规律性:虽然都比较关注对生产转基因农产品给农民带来的收入,但更多的是关注对生态环境和人体健康的影响,希望加强管理。不同年龄、婚姻状态、性别和不同收入水平的人对转基因农产品的认知程度和态度虽然有很大程度的相似性,但也有相当程度的不同。 相似文献
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For the first time, a set of samples of European flue gas cleaning residues, mainly from the incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), has undergone a mineralogical study. The residues are the result of the neutralization of acid flue gases by lime, the predominant method adopted in Europe, using dry and semi-dry washing processes. The study protocol combines physico-chemical analytical techniques (XRD, FTIR, DSC/TGA) and global chemical analysis enabling identification of the chemical composition of the main constituents, particularly chlorinated Ca-based phases, as well as establishment of modal distributions of the represented phases, both crystalline and amorphous. The samples are slightly hydrated and values vary for trapped Cl, S and even CO(2). The main crystalline phases are NaCl, KCl, CaSO(4), CaCO(3), Ca(OH)(2) and calcium hydroxychloride CaOHCl. CaOHCl is the main chlorine phase, regardless of the treatment process, filtration mode, and specific surface of the Ca-based sorbent. This phase develops during neutralization of HCl by excess lime present according to the reaction Ca(OH)(2)+HCl-->CaOHCl+H(2)O, to the detriment of a complete yield involving the two lime OH groups with formation of CaCl(2).2H(2)O. In addition, it seems that gas temperatures above 150 degrees C increase competition between lime-based neutralization of HCl, SO(2) acid flue gases and CO(2) trapping, thus reducing washing efficiency. 相似文献