Biodegradation of tribenuron methyl that is mediated by microbial acidohydrolysis at cell-soil interface

Tribenuron methyl (TBM) is a member of the sulfonylurea herbicide family and is widely used in weed control. Due to its phytotoxicity to rotating-crops, concerns on TBM-pollution to soil have been raised. In this study, experimental results indicated that microbial activity played a key role in TBM removal from polluted soil. Twenty-six bacterial strains were isolated and their degradation of TBM was evaluated. Serratia sp. strain BW30 was selected and subjected to further investigation on its degradative mechanism. TBM degradation by strain BW30 was dependent on glucose that was converted into lactic or oxalic acids. HPLC-MS analysis revealed two end-products from TBM degradation, and they were identical to the products from TBM acidohydrolysis. Based on this observation, it is proposed that microbe-mediated acidohydrolysis of TBM was involved in TBM degradation in soil, and possible application of this observation in bioremediation of TBM-polluted soil is discussed.     

Life Cycle Assessment of a Wastewater Treatment Plant Focused on Material and Energy Flows

Life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied to analyze a food-processing wastewater treatment plant and investigate the economic and environmental effects of the plant. With the long-term operational data of this plant, an inventory of relative inputs, e.g., flow rate, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and suspended solids, etc., and outputs of the plant, e.g., effluent COD and suspended solids, methane production, etc., was compiled. The potential environmental effects associated with those inputs and outputs were evaluated, and the results of the inventory analysis and impact assessment phases of the plant were interpreted. One feature of this study was the assessment of the treatment plant based on both energy and material flows. Another feature was the establishment of an assessment model with an integration of plant operating parameters, system recognition and grey relation. The analytical results are helpful for the design and operation of wastewater treatment plants.     

Modelling pollutants dispersion and plume rise from large hydrocarbon tank fires in neutrally stratified atmosphere

Petrochemical industries normally use storage tanks containing large amounts of flammable and hazardous substances. Therefore, the occurrence of a tank fire, such as the large industrial accident on 11th December 2005 at Buncefield Oil Storage Depots, is possible and usually leads to fire and explosions. Experience has shown that the continuous production of black smoke from these fires due to the toxic gases from the combustion process, presents a potential environmental and health problem that is difficult to assess. The goals of the present effort are to estimate the height of the smoke plume, the ground-level concentrations of the toxic pollutants (smoke, SO₂, CO, PAHs, VOCs) and to characterize risk zones by comparing the ground-level concentrations with existing safety limits. For the application of the numerical procedure developed, an external floating-roof tank has been selected with dimensions of 85 m diameter and 20 m height. Results are presented and discussed. It is concluded that for all scenarios considered, the ground-level concentrations of smoke, SO₂, CO, PAHs and VOCs do not exceed the safety limit of IDLH and there are no “death zones” due to the pollutant concentrations.     

A comparison between superfine magnesium hydroxide powders and commercial dry powders on fire suppression effectiveness

The effectiveness of superfine magnesium hydroxide powders and commercial dry powder in fire suppression were compared in a laboratory-scale, immovable fire suppression apparatus. The investigation focused on their suppression effectiveness under various pressures. It likewise studied the relationship between the powders’ surface structures and their effectiveness on fire suppression. The microcosmic structure of the powders was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the Thermal Gravity Analysis (TGA) technique was used to analyze the thermal behavior of the superfine magnesium hydroxide powders. By analyzing the results, it could be concluded that the pressure, the particle size, and the microcosmic structure of the powders’ surface mainly decide the capability of the powders to extinguish the fire. Comparing this with commercial dry powders, superfine magnesium hydroxide powders extinguished the fire in less than 10 s.     

紫外光固化磷氮类丙烯酸酯的制备及其阻燃性能

报道了多种结构的低粘度多官能团有机磷(甲基)丙烯酸酯的合成,并对其固化膜的阻燃性能和阻燃机理进行了研究,重点讨论了其对于紫外光固化环氧丙烯酸酯和聚氨酯丙烯酸酯固化膜阻燃性能和降解机理的影响,以及有机磷丙烯酸酯体系膨胀机理和阻燃行为.     

地铁车站火灾中调度列车辅助站台人员疏散方法研究

随着我国城市地铁建设的发展,复杂多层地铁站台形式的出现导致地铁车站火灾发生时底层站台人员疏散所需时间常超出现有规范.提出调度列车疏散站台人员的方式,论证了地铁列车辅助站台人员安全疏散措施的可行性,给出了列车发车间隔、列车运行速度、站间距离等因素对疏散所需时间的影响,结果表明发车间隔是决定列车疏散所需时间的主要因素.研究工作可以为同类地铁站台人员安全疏散设计和应急预案制定提供参考.     

基于热重与因子分析的树叶试样燃烧性研究

为了研究防火树种树叶试样的热解过程,并且评价其燃烧特性,文章采用TG（Thermogravimetry）技术在空气气氛下对13种树种的树叶试样进行了实验研究,分析了其热解特征参数,并使用应用因子分析法对热解参数进行了统计分析。结果表明因子分析法用于评价防火树种的燃烧性具有较高的可靠性,燃烧性最好的树叶是交让木叶和茶叶叶,燃烧性最差的是火力楠叶、栗树叶和木荷叶。     

大空间建筑室内火蔓延全尺寸实验设计

大空间建筑室内火蔓延的全尺寸实验能较好反应和说明大空间建筑室内火灾过程的主要规律,也是当前研究建筑室内火灾机理较理想的一种实验方法。文中介绍了大空间建筑室内火蔓延全尺寸实验室的设计思想和实现方法,简要介绍了其在建筑火灾研究中的主要应用前景。     

公共建筑火灾风险评价方法研究

建筑物的火灾危险度包括火灾对建筑物本身的破坏以及对建筑物内部人员伤害两个方面.本文在古斯塔夫火灾危险度法和层次分析法的基础上,采用模糊数学中的一些方法对火灾危险源进行处理.将火灾风险定义若干因子,每个因子对应火灾危险源的不同特性.通过评价得出建筑物所属的安全等级以及一定区域内建筑火灾风险的排序.在评价过程中考虑控制风险的力量,特别是消防队控制风险的力量对建筑物火灾风险的影响,使评估结果更加合理准确.该方法可以使消防部队快捷迅速的了解辖区内重要公共建筑的安全情况,以及如何合理的布置消防站点,降低城市区域风险.     

2017~2021年苏皖鲁豫交界区域PM2.5和O3时空变化特征及影响因素

苏皖鲁豫交界区域是长三角和京津冀及周边两大大气污染治理重点区域的连接带,揭示该区域PM_2.5和O₃污染特征对推动区域大气污染联防联控有着重要意义.基于2017~2021年苏皖鲁豫交界区域22个地市的国家空气环境监测网络观测数据,探讨了该区域PM_2.5和O₃浓度的时空变化特征及气象影响.结果表明：①2017~2021年区域PM_2.5浓度呈现逐年下降趋势,PM_2.5浓度月均值呈现“U型”分布,冬季PM_2.5浓度仍维持高位.O₃-8h-90%浓度呈现波动下降趋势,O₃-8h-90%浓度月均值变化呈“M型”分布,夏秋季O₃污染程度未有好转.②与2017年相比,2021年PM_2.5-O₃复合污染天数减少了52 d,但PM_2.5污染仍占主导地位.③PM_2.5和O₃污染区域主要集中在区域中部和北部城市,且中部城市PM_2.5和O₃污染程度均改善显著.④采用Moran''s I指数和LISA指数分析了区域PM_2.5和O₃-8h-90%浓度的全局和局部空间自相关性,PM_2.5和O₃-8h-90%浓度均具有空间相关性,PM_2.5浓度主要表现为高值-高值聚集或低值-低值聚集现象,且高值-高值聚集有从中部向西部转移的现象,2020年和2021年O₃-8h-90%浓度表现为高值-高值聚集或低值-低值聚集现象.⑤结合气象要素数据,利用KZ滤波方法量化排放源与气象条件对区域PM_2.5和O₃-8h浓度的贡献,两者主要受到污染物排放影响,贡献率分别为101.0%和99.3%,表明污染物减排是驱动区域空气质量改善的主要因素.此外,气象条件对PM_2.5浓度的贡献在一、四季度为正值,二、三季度为负值,而对O₃-8h浓度的影响则反之,且气象条件对不同城市PM_2.5和O₃-8h浓度的影响程度存在较大差异.