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排序方式: 共有706条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
701.
702.
Lu Yanran Zhang Wen Wang Mei Zhang Hua Li Jiahui Luo Wenhao 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(7):2943-2954
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The adsorption is widely used to remove dyes from wastewater because of its low cost, simple preparation, and environmental friendliness. However, the... 相似文献
703.
Rapid economic growth and urbanization in China have resulted in great water consumption in recent years. China has been facing increasingly severe water shortage crisis, especially in urban areas. This paper focuses on performance analysis for regional urban water use and wastewater decontamination systems in China. To this end, a DEA-based approach is developed. In the proposed approach, the efficiency of the system is decomposed into water use efficiency and wastewater decontamination efficiency. In the wastewater decontamination sub-system, the purified wastewater (reusable water) is treated as a desirable output; while in the water use sub-system, it is incorporated as a fixed input, which cannot be decreased in the process of efficiency optimization. The efficiency of the system is defined as the average of the two sub-systems’ efficiencies. The proposed approach can find inefficiencies caused by the internal factors between sub-systems, which cannot be identified using the traditional DEA approaches. We finally apply the proposed approach to analyze the efficiencies of regional urban water use and wastewater decontamination systems in China. Based on the application results, some findings and implications for efficiency improvement of urban water management in China are achieved. 相似文献
704.
The growing scale and complexity of process industries have brought safety, health, and environmental issues to the forefront. As a result, proactive risk reduction strategies (RRSs) are commonly employed to address these issues by reducing the frequency or mitigating the consequences of potential incidents. Among these strategies, inherent safety, which is a proactive measure of loss prevention and risk management, is considered to be the most effective method. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of RRSs for achieving inherency, as well as techniques for evaluating the performance of inherent safety, health, and environmental aspects. Background information is presented, including the development and implementation of the inherently safer process design, as well as the approaches for achieving inherently healthier and environmentally friendlier processes. Subsequently, the execution approaches and practical applications of other RRSs are discussed to highlight the distinctiveness and benefits of inherent safety. Next, this study examined the characteristics of inherency assessment tools (IATs) based on available information at different process stages. Furthermore, the evaluation methods and historical development of IATs are investigated from the perspectives of safety, occupational health, and environmental considerations, followed by a statistical analysis of IATs. It is concluded that the no-chemical hazards-based IATs have not been extensively studied yet, which may improve the safety level of process plants from the perspective of comprehensive inherency risk reduction. As a way forward, future research opportunities are proposed to promote the implementation of greater optimized risk management. 相似文献
705.
Iftekhar Sidra Heidari Golnaz Amanat Neda Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh Asif Muhammad Bilal Hassanpour Mahnaz Lehto Vesa Pekka Sillanpaa Mika 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(6):3697-3746
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The demand for valuable metals such as rare earth elements and platinum group metals is rising fast in the context of the depletion of natural resources... 相似文献
706.
Vertical distribution and temporal evolution of formaldehyde and glyoxal derived from MAX-DOAS observations: The indicative role of VOC sources
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Zhenfeng Wu Qianqian Hong Cheng Liu Qihou Hu Yanli Zhang Chengzhi Xing Jinping Ou Wei Tan Haoran Liu Xiaoqing Huang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(12):92-104
Formaldehyde (HCHO) and glyoxal (CHOCHO) are important oxidization intermediates of most volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but their vertical evolution in urban areas is not well understood. Vertical profiles of HCHO, CHOCHO, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were retrieved from ground-based Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations in Hefei, China. HCHO and CHOCHO vertical profiles prefer to occur at higher altitudes compared to NO2, which might be caused by the photochemistry-oxidation of longer-lived VOCs at higher altitudes. Monthly means of HCHO concentrations were higher in summer, while enhanced amounts of NO2 were mainly observed in winter. CHOCHO exhibited a hump-like seasonal variation, with higher monthly-averaged values not only occurred in warm months (July-August) but also in cold months (November-December). Peak values mainly occurred during noon for HCHO but emerged in the morning for CHOCHO and NO2, suggesting that HCHO is stronger link to photochemistry than CHOCHO. We further use the glyoxal to formaldehyde ratio (GFR) to investigate the VOC sources at different altitudes. The lowest GFR value is almost found in the altitude from 0.2 to 0.4 km, and then rises rapidly as the altitude increases. The GFR results indicate that the largest contributor of the precursor VOC is biogenic VOCs at lower altitudes, while at higher altitudes is anthropogenic VOCs. Our findings provide a lot more insight into VOC sources at vertical direction, but more verification is recommended to be done in the future. 相似文献