巢湖水陆交错带生态服务价值梯度分析

基于巢湖水陆交错带1995、2000、2007和2013年4期遥感影像提取土地利用信息,参考前人的相关研究成果,测算研究区的生态服务价值。在综合研究区实际情况和相关研究基础上采用等距离缓冲带法,对研究区生态服务价值的梯度变化进行研究。结果表明:(1)各土地利用类型的梯度变化在不同时期有较为一致的变化趋势,在不同的缓冲带内都有1~2个贡献率较大的土地利用类型;(2)在研究期内各缓冲带生态服务价值处于基本平稳的状态,其中缓冲带1到缓冲带2的变化幅度较大;(3)从生态服务价值的空间分布来看,缓冲带1的生态服务价值始终最高,外层的缓冲带5和缓冲带6由低等级到中等级平稳过度,缓冲带3和缓冲带4则始终处在低水平;(4)林地和水域对生态服务价值的贡献率与距巢湖水陆边界的距离有显著的相关性,表明林地和水域对研究区生态服务价值的影响大。     

输变电工程竣工环保验收调查工作中的常见问题分析研究

输变电工程竣工环保验收调查是评价建设项目环境保护措施实施情况的重要环节,工作中常遇到实际建设时工程内容与初步设计发生变更、环境敏感保护目标与环评文本中不尽相同、监测数据异常、工况条件不满足要求、标准体系应用混乱等问题,本文分析了问题产生的原因及建议采取的相应策略,以期促进输变电工程建设项目＂三同时＂管理水平,消除电网运营阶段不必要的环境和法律风险,提高工作效率,为建设环境友好的绿色电网打下坚实的基础。     

安徽及周边地区气溶胶时空特征及成因分析

利用AERONET数据对2013年6月—2014年5月Aqua/MOIDS气溶胶产品在安徽及周边地区的适用性进行了验证,分析了气溶胶时空分布特征并讨论其影响因素.结果表明:MODIS AOD与AERONET数据在研究区具有很好的一致性,满足美国国家宇航局(NASA)的误差要求.时间上,安徽北部及中部春季、冬季AOD值较高,合肥-南京一带在冬季AOD值甚至高于0.9;研究区域整体在秋季达到AOD最低值.空间上,皖西、皖南山区和庐山等高海拔地区AOD较低,而处于山区间的沿江平原的AOD却明显升高,形成一个以沿江平原为高值中心的环形分布区.研究区域内AOD与能见度、相对湿度的相关性显著,风速对AOD有着先促进后抑制的影响,经济发展和人口分布对气溶胶的分布也有着明显的影响.     

Changes of DOM and its correlation with internal nutrient release during cyanobacterial growth and decline in Lake Chaohu, China

The seasonal changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM), and its correlation with the release of internal nutrients during the annual cycle of cyanobacteria in the eutrophic Lake Chaohu, China, were investigated from four sampling periods between November 2020 and July 2021. The DOM fluorescence components were identified as protein-like C1, microbial humic-like C2, and terrestrial humic-like C3. The highest total fluorescence intensity (F_T) of DOM in sediments during the incubation stage is due to the decomposition and degradation of cyanobacteria remains. The lowest humification of DOM and the highest proportion of C1 in waters during the initial cyanobacterial growth indicate that fresh algae are the main source. The highest molecular weight of DOM and F_T of the C2 in sediments during cyanobacterial outbreaks indicate the concurrent deposition of undegraded cyanobacterial remains and microbial degradation. The components of DOM are affected mainly by the dissolved total phosphorus in waters, while the temperature drives the annual cycle of cyanobacteria. The decreasing C1 in sediments and increasing nutrients in waters from the cyanobacterial incubation to outbreak indicate that mineralization of algal organic matter contributes importantly to the release of internal nutrients, with the strongest release of phosphorus observed during the early growth of cyanobacteria. The humic-like C2 and C3 components could also affect the dynamics of internal phosphorus through the formation of organic colloids and organic–inorganic ligands. The results show that the degradation of DOM leads to nutrients release and thus supports the continuous growth of cyanobacteria in eutrophic Lake Chaohu.     

Sequential biodegradation of TNT,RDX and HMX in a mixture

We describe TNT's inhibition of RDX and HMX anaerobic degradation in contaminated soil containing indigenous microbial populations. Biodegradation of RDX or HMX alone was markedly faster than their degradation in a mixture with TNT, implying biodegradation inhibition by the latter. The delay caused by the presence of TNT continued even after its disappearance and was linked to the presence of its intermediate, tetranitroazoxytoluene. PCR–DGGE analysis of cultures derived from the soil indicated a clear reduction in microbial biomass and diversity with increasing TNT concentration. At high-TNT concentrations (30 and 90 mg/L), only a single band, related to Clostridium nitrophenolicum, was observed after 3 days of incubation. We propose that the mechanism of TNT inhibition involves a cytotoxic effect on the RDX- and HMX-degrading microbial population. TNT inhibition in the top active soil can therefore initiate rapid transport of RDX and HMX to the less active subsurface and groundwater.     

基于非集计理论的驾驶适宜性度量模型

为量化驾驶人的驾驶适宜性,丰富对其的检测理论和方法,应用非集计理论中的多项分对数(MNL)模型构建驾驶适宜性度量模型。模型以驾驶人一定时间内事故发生次数作为选择肢,以个人固有属性、生理心理属性14项指标作为影响因素,并根据200份实际调查数据标定各影响因素参数。另外,选取60份数据验证该模型。结果显示:14项指标参数检验值均小于1.96,各参数统计学意义显著;模型判定系数为0.364 748,表明模型拟合程度较高;且该模型计算值与统计值最大绝对误差仅为3.3%,表明模型精度较高,可用于预测驾驶适宜性。     

安徽省旅游景区电子商务生态系统评价与分析

旅游电子商务的发展带来了对旅游景区电子商务应用的关注。在对旅游价值链和旅游产业集群研究的基础上,用电子商务生态系统观点分析了旅游景区电子商务的应用,给出旅游景区电子商务生态系统示意图,并建立评价指标,采用调查问卷形式分析这些指标的重要性的期望值排名,对安徽省18个旅游景区进行实证研究。该研究有助于从整体把握旅游景区各参与方在其中的地位和影响,对发展旅游电子商务应用有一定的实践参考价值。     

Measurement of green productivity and its improvement

The measurement framework of the green productivity (GP) of a product system, or process, and its improvement are discussed. Two types of GP indicators are developed to help understand the practical concept and executive approaches of GP, using environmental management tools such as life cycle assessment (LCA) and total cost assessment (TCA). GP index is defined as the ratio of productivity of a system to its environmental impacts. This index is intended for estimating the GP performance of an existing product or process and comparing it with other equivalents. Specifically, the GP index is a measure of the GP performance of a product system throughout its entire life cycle. The “overall” GP index can be divided into a “direct” GP index and an “indirect” GP index which are intended to analyze the GP performances of direct production processes and indirect upstream processes, respectively. For internal managerial decision, GP ratio is developed to select one alternative out of a list of contenders in order to improve the GP performance of an existing system. In addition, GP portfolio is drawn up to check the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives. A case study of a petrochemical company in Korea is provided as an example for illustrating the feasibility of the indicators developed here (GP index and GP ratio) for the measurement of GP and its improvement.     

粉煤灰掺入量对煤矸石水力学性质和导气率的影响

为研究粉煤灰掺入量对煤矸石水力学性质和导气率的影响,设计9种矸灰比的粉煤灰-煤矸石混合物,运用室内一维定水头法和压力膜仪（DIK-3423）以及一维瞬态法测试了混合物饱和含水量、饱和导水率、水分特征曲线和导气率等指标,并与土壤、粉煤灰和煤矸石进行对比分析。结果表明:1）粉煤灰的掺入可以提高煤矸石的饱和含水量,矸灰比3∶7~2∶8的混合物的饱和含水量为36.9%~41.4%,数值上最接近土壤;2）混合物的饱和导水率受粉煤灰掺入量和容重影响,相同粉煤灰掺入量下提高容重会降低饱和导水率,而饱和导水率变化的整体趋势随粉煤灰掺入量的增大而减小;3）混合物的持水性能随粉煤灰掺入量的增大而增大;4）混合物的导气率随粉煤灰掺入量的增大而减小,粉煤灰掺入量<40%的混合物导气率对含水量的敏感度呈先减小后增大的趋势,其余比例混合物导气率变化较均匀;5）矸灰比（煤矸石与粉煤灰体积比）在3∶7~2∶8混合物的植物有效水含量为17.3%~17.6%,数值上最接近土壤,选用粉煤灰-煤矸石混合物充填塌陷土地时可控制矸灰比在3∶7,此时渗透性小,且可以保证有良好的土壤有效水供给。研究结果可为塌陷区土地复垦质量的改良提供数据参考。