强化反硝化除磷的新型多级缺氧-好氧工艺

基于多级缺氧-好氧(MAO)工艺和反硝化除磷理论,设计一种具有反硝化除磷功能的新型MAO工艺(DPR-MAO).实验探究了该工艺的脱氮除磷效能以及各反应池的微生物群落特征.工艺运行结果表明,稳定期COD、TN、NH4+-N和TP的平均出水浓度分别为7.07,9.04,0.34,和0.49mg/L,平均去除率分别为98％...     

生物质气化发电厂洗焦废水生物处理的中试研究

为使生物质气化发电厂的洗涤废水得到有效的循环使用,在以废陶瓷片作为填料的生物膜反应器中,接种优势菌,对经过物化预处理的生物质气化洗涤废水进行处理,着重考察了不同工艺条件下,生物膜反应器对废水的处理效果.采用缺氧20h,好氧10h的处理工艺,可有效降低该废水的COD,当进水COD为584～923mg·L-1时,出水COD达到118 5～230 2mg L-1,COD的平均下降率为78 6%.     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠对异丙草胺光解体系的影响

研究了不同浓度的阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对除草剂异丙草胺在水溶液中光解的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂不直接参与异丙草胺的光反应;在ρ(SDBS)小于其临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,SDBS对异丙草胺的光反应有微弱抑制作用,而ρ(SDBS)大于其CMC时,SDBS胶束的形成对异丙草胺的光反应有加速的趋势。推测是由于ρ(SDBS)在达到CMC之前,对光解的影响以光吸收作用为主,对异丙草胺光解有一定的抑制;而达到CMC后,胶束对异丙草胺有富集作用,胶束内部类似有机相的环境,利于异丙草胺光反应,此时SDBS对光解的作用就以加速光解为主。      

垃圾填埋场人工衬层渗漏的电学法检测研究

基于电学法无二次污染、操作易掌握和费用低等特点,提出了4种用于垃圾填埋场人工衬层渗漏检测的电学方法:电阻法、电流法、感应电势差法和远距离参比电极感应法。其原理都是利用垃圾和土壤有一定的水分而具有的导电性,以及一般用作人工衬层(俗称土工膜)的高密度聚乙烯绝缘材料。通过实验指出电阻法只能检测到是否有漏洞,不能判断漏洞的位置;电流法是一种一次性方法,只能判断一次是否有漏洞,也不能够定位漏洞;感应电势差法有很好的发展前景;远距离参比电极感应法的检测效果非常好。      

胜利油田生态农场经济发展数学模型

在对胜利油田生态农场系统结构分析的基础上,根据农场规划目标,建立了由投入产出模型和线性规划模型相结合的经济发展数学模型。应用该模型指导农场的经济建设,8 a来取得了极好的效果,证明所建立的模型是正确的。      

十三陵抽水蓄能电站地下水污染与水质恢复的研究

十三陵抽水蓄能电站施工期间排放废水,造成了对周围地下水的污染。本工作沿地下水流动方向４．４ｋｍ＾２的范围内,进行了地下水的环境质量调查,分析和评价,查明了地下水污染因子和污染程度及范围,通过消除污染源,建设污水处理站等一系列水质恢复措施后,该地区地下水水质明显好转。     

厌氧工艺的发展和新型厌氧反应器

回顾了厌氧技术的发展,着重介绍厌氧反应器的发展趋势。对第三代的典型反应器,如颗粒污泥膨胀床反应器,厌氧内循环反应器和厌氧升流式流化床原理和应用进行了详细的介绍,并且对笔者在城市污水厌氧处理方面的实践也进行了介绍。     

The evaluation of some photochemical smog reaction mechanisms—III. Dilution and emissions effects

The effects of dilution and emissions on the performance of four widely-used photochemical smog reaction mechanisms are examined, using newly available experimental data from the CSIRO outdoor smog chambers. It is found that the Caltech, CB-XR and CB-IV mechanisms overpredicted the smog produced (SP) maximum associated with the dilution by 14–29% when the dilution rate was 22% h⁻¹ and by 53–73% when the rate was 55% h⁻¹. The CB-III mechanism underpredicted the maximum by 17% at the lower dilution rate (when the cumulative light flux was moderate), but agreed with the observations at the higher dilution rate (when the cumulative light flux was high). Five emissions experiments were conducted at moderate to very high HC/NO_x ratios (8.3–51.0). When HC were injected during the light-limited regime the rate of formation of SP increased markedly; when NO was injected in this regime there was less effect (a slight decrease in slope). When HC were injected during the NO_x-limited regime there was a gradual decline in SP concentration, but when NO was injected during the NO_x-limited regime there was a dramatic increase in SP, leading to a second light-limited regime and a second NO_x-limited regime. When both HC and NO_x were injected during the light-limited regime, marked increases in slope occured after each injection. The Caltech model gave good to excellent agreement with the data. In one experiment it overestimated the final SP by 8%. The CB-III model performed next best, sometimes in excellent agreement with the data, but at other times underpredicting the final SP by 14–18%. The CB-XR and CB-IV models underpredicted the final SP for most of the experiments by up to 38%.     

金沙江流域东川地区水土流失分析

通过多时相的遥感数据,结合研究区1:50 000地形图、DEM数据以及水文、气象、农业、林业等基础资料,确定了影响水土流失的降雨、植被、地形坡度、沟壑密度、土地利用以及地表土壤组份6项因子。在此基础上对云南东川地区水土流失情况依强度进行分级。研究表明,水土流失最为严重的地区位于小江东岸。通过1988年和2002年的图像对比发现,水土流失情况整体有所好转,但小江东岸有进一步恶化的趋势。     

基于元胞自动机的城市地震次生火灾蔓延模型

根据模拟复杂系统的元胞自动机,并利用其组成,构建了城市地震次生火灾蔓延模型.通过相关参数的初步量化,模拟了某小区的火灾蔓延,得到了大面积阻火要素,如道路、公园等对阻止火势进一步蔓延的重要作用,及风对火蔓延的重要影响,又考虑了消防扑救对控制火势蔓延的影响,为城市规划和震后火灾扑救提供参考.