再生聚丙烯增韧改性研究

对回收聚丙烯（RPP）进行增韧改性,制备回收聚丙烯,回收胶粉（RPP/WRP）和回收聚丙烯／热塑性弹性体POE（RPP／POE）共混材料,研究两种共混材料的韧性、力学、热、流变性能和形态。结果表明,RPP／WRP改性体系有较好的韧性和耐热性,较高的硬度,属于假塑性流体,回收胶粉可以部分替代POE作为某些制品的增韧剂。     

不同酸碱条件下胶体迁移对含水介质渗透性的影响

文章通过室内土柱实验,研究胶体在迁移过程中对含水介质渗透性的影响以及不同酸碱条件下含水介质渗透性变化的特征,并从胶体的动电性质、粒径分布以及胶体与含水介质的空间排斥效应等方面对含水介质渗透性变化的微观机理进行探讨。研究结果表明,胶体溶液的酸碱度对含水介质的渗透性影响很大,中性和碱性条件下,胶体容易迁移,含水介质渗透性变化小。不同酸碱度条件下胶体粒度、表面动电性质不同:在酸性环境下出水胶体表面zeta电势和淌度为正,由于胶体带正电荷与含水介质表面所带负电荷的电性相反,电荷之间的吸引作用使胶体沉积作用加大,随着胶体聚沉在含水介质表面上渗透性急剧降低;在碱性环境中出水胶体表面zeta电势和淌度为负,电荷间的排斥作用将极大地促进胶体在含水介质中的迁移。     

基于海洋环境要素的动态航行风险评估*

为得到精确动态航行评估结果,将多准则决策方法与GIS风险制图技术相结合,以5种海洋环境要素（风场、洋流、海浪、海温和海底地形）作为评估因子,通过数据时空插值法和层次分析法（AHP,Analytic Hierarchy Process）确定评估因子权重,提出权重优化算法改进权重值,进而得到最优动态航行风险评估结果。结果表明:动态航行风险评估结果能够直观展示海域航行风险空间分布和变化趋势,评估具有实时性和连续性,可以为海域恶劣海况提供足够预警能力。     

好氧/厌氧潜流湿地微生物多样性与净化能力的关系

好氧/厌氧多级串联潜流人工湿地对COD和NH4＋-N具有较高的去除率.为了探究该类型湿地高效去除污染物的具体机制,采用荧光素双醋酸酯（FDA）法、4,6-联脒—2-苯基吲哚（DAPI）法和BIOLOG法测定了人工湿地基质中微生物的活性、数量和代谢功能多样性,并分析其与水质净化能力之间的相关性.结果表明,沿水流方向,OA...     

Nutrient distribution within and release from the contaminated sediment of Haihe River

We assessed nutrient characteristics, distributions and fractions within the disturbed and undisturbed sediments at four sampling sites within the mainstream of Haihe River. The river sediments contained mostly sand (> 60%). The fraction of clay was < 3%. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations ranged from 729 to 1922 mg/kg and from 692 to 1388 mg/kg, respectively. Nutrient concentrations within the sediments usually decreased with increasing depth. The TN and TP concentrations within the fine sand were higher than for that within silt. Sediment phosphorus fractions were between 2.99% and 3.37% Ex-P (exchangeable phosphorus), 7.89% and 13.71% Fe/Al-P (Fe, Al oxides bound phosphorus), 61.32% and 70.14% Ca-P (calcium-bound phosphorus), and 17.03% and 22.04% Org-P (organic phosphorus). Nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediment could lead to the presence of 21.02 mg N/L and 3.10 mg P/L within the water column. A river restoration project should address the sediment nutrient stock.     

无机碳源对Chlorella sp. TCCC45058生长的影响

自然界中无机碳主要以CO2、HCO3-、CO32-三种形式存在,不同形式的无机碳源对微藻生长影响显著。实验结果显示,Chlorella sp.TCCC45058难以利用CO32-,却能够以CO2、HCO3-作为碳源,其最适浓度分别为12.83 mmol/L和16.51 mmol/L,实验中最高生物量达到0.95 g/L。CO32-浓度过高会显著抑制该藻的光合作用速率,而适当提高HCO3-浓度会使光合作用速率得到一定程度的提高,以CO2作碳源时该藻的光合作用速率最高,而且该速率不会因CO2浓度改变而发生明显变化。以CO32-为碳源时细胞叶绿素a含量很低,仅为9 mg/g;当HCO3-、CO2作碳源时无论浓度如何变化,细胞叶绿素a含量均无明显差异,约为14~17 mg/g。     

糖厂污泥中高效产氢菌的分离鉴定及产氢优化

从甘蔗糖厂污泥样品中,分离纯化得到一株革兰氏阳性厌氧产氢菌。经16S rDNA分子生物学鉴定,该菌株为Clostridium sp.60E(注册号:JF708079)。对该菌株生长及产氢特性的研究发现,其产氢主要发生在细胞生长对数期的中后期和稳定期。温度及pH值单因素实验显示,Clostridium sp.60E为一株中温产氢菌,有较好的耐酸能力。采用正交实验研究方法优化产氢条件,发现起始pH值为5,培养温度为35℃,碳源选择葡萄糖时,其总产氢量最高可达到(208±8.01)mL H2/100 mL培养基,比优化前提高了142%,产氢纯度最高达到55.32%,最高产氢速率为(188±8.72)mL H2/(L.h)、15.99 mmo(l H)2g(/dry cell.h)。以上研究表明,从糖厂污泥中筛选的Clostridium sp.60E是一株良好的厌氧发酵产氢菌,将其应用于废水处理,可以实现有机废水的高效制氢,是实现废水和有机废物资源化的一条有效途径。     

化学工业园区污水处理模式探讨

在对国内外化工区污水处理模式调查分析的基础上,对化工区污水处理模式进行了研究探讨。并以天津某规划化工区为例,对污水处理模式进行了比选研究,为化工区环境管理提供参考。     

油田油泥(砂)废弃物排放状况及处理技术

中国油田及石油化工行业每年油泥(砂)的排放量达到80多万吨,已严重制约油田的可持续发展。油泥(砂)中石油含量达10%～30%,还含有多环芳烃、重金属等污染物,可对生态环境和人体健康造成危害。国内外已广泛开展了油泥(砂)处理技术的研究。油泥(砂)处理技术包括资源回收技术、无害化处理技术和综合利用技术。本文简述了水洗处理技术、生物处理技术和热解气化焚烧工艺,并对不同处理技术的优缺点进行了比较。应结合中国国情及成本等方面综合考虑选用不同的处理方法,实现油泥的减量化、无害化、资源化、清洁化处理。     

Evaluation of life cycle inventory data for recycling systems

This paper reviews databases on material recycling (primary as well as secondary production) used in life cycle assessments (LCA) of waste management systems. A total of 366 datasets, from 1980 to 2010 and covering 14 materials, were collected from databases and reports. Totals for CO₂-equivalent emissions were compared to illustrate variations in the data. It was hypothesised that emissions from material production and the recycling industry had decreased over time due to increasing regulation, energy costs and process optimisation, but the reported datasets did not reveal such a general trend. Data representing the same processes varied considerably between databases, and proper background information was hard to obtain, which in turn made it difficult to explain the large differences observed. Those differences between the highest and lowest estimated CO₂ emissions (equivalents) from the primary production of newsprint, HDPE and glass were 238%, 443% and 452%, respectively. For steel and aluminium the differences were 1761% and 235%, respectively. There is a severe lack of data for some recycled materials; for example, only one dataset existed for secondary cardboard. The study shows that the choice of dataset used to represent the environmental load of a material recycling process and credited emissions from the avoided production of virgin materials is crucial for the outcome of an LCA on waste management. Great care and a high degree of transparency are mandatory, but advice on which datasets to use could not be determined from the study. However, from the gathered data, recycling in general showed lower emission of CO₂ per kg material than primary production, so the recycling of materials (considered in this study) is thus beneficial in most cases.