氧气对生物转鼓过滤器反硝化净化NO废气的影响研究

在自行研制的生物转鼓过滤器(RDB)内,考察了反硝化净化一氧化氮(NO)废气的去除率、去除负荷和以及不同氧气含量对反硝化过程的影响。结果表明,在温度25~30℃、pH 7~7.5、转鼓转速1 r/min、营养液更新0.2 L/d条件下,挂膜历时30 d完成。稳定运行期,NO进气浓度为90~433 mg/m3,去除率维持在60%~85%之间,平均去除负荷为10.4 g/(m3.h);在短期影响考察时,氧气含量的增加使得气液两相的传质增强,加快了微生物的降解速率,但从长期影响的实验结果分析,低浓度的氧气能够提高NO的净化效率,而过高的氧气含量则抑制了反硝化过程,这是由于氧气对反硝化过程的抑制作用和化学氧化的促进作用共同影响的结果。     

Preparation of a titanium dioxide photocatalyst codoped with cerium and iodine and its performance in the degradation of oxalic acid

A novel class of visible light-activated photocatalysts was prepared by codoping TiO(2) with cerium and iodine (Ce-I-TiO(2)). The particles were characterized using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Visible light absorption. Particles of Ce-I-TiO(2) had greater photoabsorption in the 400-800 nm wavelength range than iodine-doped TiO(2) (I-TiO(2)). The effects on the photocatalytic degradation of oxalic acid under visible light or UV-Visible light irradiation were investigated. The photocatalytic activity of Ce-I-TiO(2) calcined at 673 K was significantly higher than that of Ce-I-TiO(2) calcined at 773 K and I-TiO(2) calcined at 673 K in aqueous oxalic acid solution under visible light or UV-Visible light irradiation. Under visible light irradiation, oxalic acid was first adsorbed on the surface of the catalysts rather than reacted with free radicals in the bulk solution, and then oxidized by (·)OH(ads) to CO(2), which was verified by studying the effects of nitrogen purging and scavengers, as well as by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.     

纳米TiO2薄膜光催化降解2,4-二氯酚的动力学研究

以主波长为365nm的紫外光灯为光源，纳米TiO2薄膜为光催化剂，研究了2，4-二氯酚光催化降解的产物及Cl^-对2，4-二氯酚光催化反应动力学的影响，并进一步探讨了Cl对2，4-二氯酚光解影响的机理，2，4-二氯酚可以经光催化氧化被彻底矿化，结合外加Cl^-对2，4-二氯酚光催化降解的影响和L-H反应动力学分析，可以认为Cl^-对2，4-二氯酚光催化降解的抑制作用，是由于Cl^-与2，4-二氯酚在TiO2表面竞争同一活性位点所致。因此，当光催化反应进行到Cl^-在TiO2表面竞争性吸附较强时，在反应动力学方程中必须考虑Cl^-的竞争性作用。     

低温等离子体结合锰基催化剂去除乙酸乙酯的研究

利用固态法和溶胶-凝胶法分别制备了钙钛矿(LaMnO3)和八面体分子筛(OMS)两种锰基催化剂,在不同工况(输入电压、初始浓度、停留时间和催化剂放置量)条件下考察了等离子体催化对乙酸乙酯的降解特性.结果发现,锰基催化剂的加入显著提高了乙酸乙酯的去除率,减少了副产物的生成,并且OMS的催化活性高于LaMnO3;此外,乙酸...     

化固定化Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1细胞降解MTBE及动力学特性分析

采用海藻酸钙包埋固定化高效降解菌Methylobium petroleiphilum PM1降解水相中的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE),考察了不同强化方法对凝胶颗粒机械强度和降解活性的影响.响应面结果表明,交联剂和培养基中Ca2+浓度分别为0.2 mol·L-1和1.38mmol·L-1,化学交联剂聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)浓度为...     

生物转鼓过滤器中一株好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定与降解特性研究

从稳定运行处理NO废气的生物转鼓过滤器中筛选分离到1株好氧反硝化细菌DN3,发现该菌在好氧条件下能有效去除培养液中的硝酸根,培养28h后的反硝化率大于80%.扫描电镜结果显示,菌株DN3为短杆菌,带有鞭毛,大小为(0.4～0.8)μm ×(2.0～2.5)μm,菌落表面呈现乳白色.通过生理生化特性及16S rRNA基因...     

亚临界水中聚酰亚胺的解聚及其单体稳定性的研究

利用间歇式高压反应装置研究了高性能聚合物聚酰亚胺（PI）在亚临界水中的解聚情况.同时,采用气-质联谱（GC-MS）、反相高效液相色谱（HPLC）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）等方法对解聚产物进行定性定量分析,确定解聚产物主要为4,4＇-二苯醚二甲酸、4,4＇-二氨基二苯醚（4,4＇-ODA）、苯胺和对苯二酚.在350℃...     

Ti(Ⅳ)催化臭氧化预处理酸性难降解制药废水

考察了酸性条件下Ti(Ⅳ)催化臭氧化预处理医药废水的效能,关联了废水氧化度与可生化性(BOD5/COD)的关系。结果表明,酸性条件下O3和O3/H2O2的氧化效率明显低于Ti(Ⅳ)/H2O2/O3。原始pH条件(3.5)下,Ti(Ⅳ)/H2O2/O3体系Ti(Ⅳ)离子和H2O2的最佳浓度分别为10 mg/L和200 mg/L。调节pH值至5.0处理120 min,制药废水的化学需氧量(COD)和总有机碳(TOC)的去除率分别为56.13%和31.49%。此时水样氧化度从原来的0.388提升到了0.608,BOD5/COD值从原来的0.019升至0.297,两者呈现较好的正相关性。以上结果表明,增大pH可以提高Ti(Ⅳ)/H2O2/O3的处理效果;此外,可以考虑利用氧化度的大小来快速判断水样的可生化性。     

Sorption and degradation of wastewater-associated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics in soils

Presence of pharmaceuticals at trace levels in recycled water is an emerging issue impacting the beneficial reuse of treated wastewater, including practices such as irrigation and groundwater recharge in arid and semi-arid regions. To assess the environmental risks of irrigation with recycled water containing such micropollutants, in this study we evaluated sorption and degradation of five pharmaceuticals that are antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs in two soils collected from arid regions. Naproxen and trimethoprim showed moderate to strong sorption, while the sorption of diclofenac, ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazole was negligible in both soils. Under aerobic conditions, the studied compounds were susceptible to microbial degradation with half-lives varying from 4.8 to 69.3 d. Apart from sulfamethoxazole, the other compounds were relatively persistent under anaerobic conditions as indicated by a negligible loss over 84 d of incubation or half-lives >50 d. The degradation of the selected pharmaceuticals was influenced by microbial activities, oxygen status in the soil, soil type and compound characteristics. The poor sorption and relative persistence of diclofenac and ibuprofen under anaerobic conditions suggest that the two chemicals may pose a high leaching risk when using recycled for irrigation or groundwater replenishment.