Adsorption of carbon dioxide using impregnated activated carbon promoted by Zinc

The effect of impregnation of activated carbon with Cr₂O and Fe₂O₃ and promotion by Zn²⁺ on its adsorptive properties of carbon dioxide was studied using a volumetric adsorption apparatus at ambient temperature and low pressures. Slurry and solution impregnation methods were used to compare CO₂ capture capacity of the impregnated activated carbon promoted by Zinc. The obtained adsorption isotherms showed that amount of CO₂ adsorbed on the samples impregnated by Cr₂O was increased about 20% in compare to raw activated carbon. The results also showed that Fe₂O₃ was not an effective impregnating species for activated carbon modification. Moreover slurry impregnation method showed higher CO₂ adsorption capacity in comparison with solution impregnation method. Samples prepared by co-impregnation of two metal species showed more adsorption capacity than samples impregnated by just one metal species individually. Washing the impregnated samples by metal oxide resulted in 15% increase in CO₂ adsorption capacities of activated carbons which can be attributed to the metal oxides removal covering the adsorption surface. Decreasing impregnation temperature from 95 to 25 °C in solution method showed a significant increase in CO₂ adsorption capacity. Sips equation was found a suitable model fitting to the adsorption data in the range studied.     

Ecological risk assessment using RAPD and distribution pattern of a rare and endangered species

Environmental and ecological risk assessment always provide useful evidence for characterisation and conservation of the rare and endangered species, e.g. seven-son flower (Heptacodium miconioides Rehd.). Seven-son flower is a deciduous arbor species, but endangered, with a restricted distribution in the subtropical forests of China. Genetic risk assessment of 56 samples of the flower from nine main populations in Zhejiang (China) was carried out by using the RAPD analysis. This was to study the ecological characteristics, spatial distribution and genetic features of the seven-son flower communities and establish a feasible conservation plan. Twenty-one primers screened from 50 yielded 119 RAPD bands with 72 polymorphic products and 60.50% of total bands. The genetic variation was found to be partitioned mainly among rather than within populations. Percentages of genetic diversity among populations were quantified by Shannon index and the Nei's gene diversity coefficient. AMOVA also demonstrated that these relict populations were highly differentiated. The high level of population variation observed is in contrast to that expected for a primarily outcrossed woody perennial plant, and suggests that there may be a degree of inbreeding. The dendrogram constructed from genetic distances through UPGMA method based on Nei's coefficients shows two groups among nine population clusters, which is further supported by a principle components analysis (PCA) of RAPD phenotypic data. The analysis showed that the biologic characteristics and habitat fragmentation were the reasons of the great genetic variation among populations. Some strategies of its genetic diversity conservation were proposed in the fragmented habitats based on its genetic structure and its biological characteristics in this study.     

考虑空间效应的出租车超速行为道路因素分析

为充分利用道路特征干预出租车超速行为,搜集成都市区内出租车全球定位系统(GPS)轨迹数据,识别其超速行为,并采集道路特征数据,以各道路的出租车超速频数及平均超速严重度为超速特征,应用全局莫兰指数和4类空间回归模型,分别确定超速特征及道路因素的空间自相关性和显著影响出租车超速特征的道路因素.研究结果表明:出租车超速行为和...     

金华江城区段河流水化学变化及其控制因素

为揭示金华江城区段河流水化学变化及其控制因素,从2015年8月到2016年6月对金华江城区段进行了连续11个月的采样分析,并结合当地降水等数据,得到以下结论:(1)金华江城区段河水p H值的变幅为6.80~7.70,呈现中性,电导率EC的变化范围较大,流域TDS含量低于世界河水平均值,流域阳离子以Ca~(2+)为主,阴离子以HCO_3~-为主,河水水化学类型为HCO_3~--Ca~(2+)型;(2)主要离子浓度具有明显的季节变化特征,总体上呈现出夏季低、冬季高的特点,Cl~-浓度变化与降水量变化具有一致性;(3)水化学控制因素以岩石风化为主,但也有向大气降水控制型过渡的趋势,人类活动对河流水化学也产生了很大影响。     

Phytoremediation of urban wastewater by model wetlands with ornamental hydrophytes

Phytoremediation offers a cost-effective,non-intrusive,and safe alternative to conventional cleanup techniques.In this study,we used ornamental hydrophytes plants as constructed wetlands to treat urban or rural domestic wastewater.Most ornamental hydrophytes adapted to the wastewater well,and were fairly efficient in scavenging BOD_5(biological oxygen demand 5 d),COD(chemical oxygen demand),TN(total nitrogen),TP(total phosphorus)and heavy metals(Cr,Pb,Cd)in the wastewater.However,the efficiency varied a lot for various species to different contaminants,Iris pseudacorus L.and Acorus gramineus Soland were good choices for treatment of composite-polluted urban wastewater.Some variation in the change of membrane peroxidation and endogenous protective system in responses to wastewater was found among six hydrophytes,which have a correlation with the efficiency of wastewater treatment.It may demonstrate that the developed antioxidative systems of I.pseudacorus and A.gramineus contributed much to their superiority. On the other hand,interaction of different components in the wastewater might have certain effects on phytoremediation.     

膜生物反应器中膜污染机理和控制研究新进展

膜生物反应器(MBR)相比于传统活性污泥法具有出水水质好、设备占地面积小、剩余污泥产率低和便于自动控制等诸多优点,在污水处理和回用方面极具发展前景。然而膜污染是制约MBR广泛应用的最大障碍。文章着眼于总结MBR中膜污染机理和控制的研究新进展。介绍了MBR中膜污染的分类、污染机理和膜污染影响因素的研究概况,在此基础上,综述了MBR膜污染控制方法方面的进展,并对MBR中的膜污染机理和控制的研究发展方向做了展望。     

植物根表铁锰氧化物胶膜的环境生态作用

许多湿地、水生植物根系都具有向根际环境释放氧气和氧化物,在根表和根际形成铁、锰氧化物胶膜的能力。因其所具有的特殊的物理或化学结构,植物根表的铁锰氧化物胶膜在环境生态中起重要作用。文章综述了植物根表铁锰氧化物的形成与特征,对有害金属和类金属污染物、有机污染物的吸附和富集作用,对富营养化水体的净化作用,以及提高植物的耐酸和耐贫瘠能力。借助新技术或研究手段强化铁、锰氧化物胶膜对湿地或水体有害金属和有机污染物的调控作用,是今后的发展方向。     

濒危植物长序榆（Ulmus elongata）幼苗光合特性的初步研究

用Li-6400XT便携式光合作用仪对一年生和当年生濒危植物长序榆幼苗的光合日变化进行了观测,为科学保护提供理论依据和技术途径。结果发现,一年生和当年生长序榆幼苗的光合日变化均为单峰曲线,无＂午休＂现象。当年生的平均净光合累积量（5.64μmol.m-2.s-1）大于一年生的净光合累计量（5.05μmol.m-2.s-1）。胞间二氧化碳（Ci）浓度与光合日变化基本上是相反的。气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）没有明显的变化规律。光能利用率（LUE）中午12？00最低,水分利用率（WUE）13？00最高。一年生和当年生的光饱和点（LSP）分别为1 620.75μmol.m-2.s-1和1 123.07μmol.m-2.s-1,二者的光补偿点（LCP）均较低,分别为8.33μmol.m-2.s-1和8.89μmol.m-2.s-1,即长序榆幼苗是一光适应幅度较大的植物。偏相关分析表明光合有效辐射（PAR）和大气温度（Ta）是决定其净光合速率的主要环境因子。     

臭氧与氯联合消毒对钱塘江水源水DBPs形成及溴取代的影响

本文研究了在pH 6～8、反应时间2～72 h、反应温度10～30℃条件下,钱塘江水源水在臭氧-氯消毒联合作用下,三卤甲烷(THMs)、二卤乙酸(DHAAs)、三卤乙酸(THAAs)、二卤乙腈(HANs)、三卤硝基甲烷(THNMs)等5类消毒副产物(DBPs)的形成和溴取代特征.结果显示,臭氧-氯消毒下DBPs的形成与氯消毒有较多相似之处:①大部分DBPs形成量均随着温度的升高、时间的延长而增加,相应的溴取代因子(BSFs)则随着时间的延长、温度的上升而呈下降趋势;②氯代DHANs倾向于在酸性条件下形成多,而溴代DHANs则倾向于在碱性条件下形成多;③不管是氯消毒还是臭氧-氯消毒,也不管是哪种消毒条件,5类DBPs的BSF值顺序均为BSF_(HNMs)BSF_(DHANs) BSF_(THAAs)BSF_(THMs)≈BSF_(DHAAs).但与氯消毒不同的是,臭氧-氯消毒下THMs、DHAAs、THAAs、HANs的形成产量更低,而THNMs的产量则更高;而且与氯消毒相比,臭氧-氯消毒普遍增加了DBPs的溴取代程度,也改变了溴离子在不同DBPs之间的分配,即减少了THMs、DHAAs、THAAs、DHANs对溴的利用率,但大幅增加了HNMs的溴利用率.鉴于溴代HNMs的极高毒性,因此对于钱塘江水源水,臭氧-氯消毒要注意HNMs带来的健康风险.     

高铁开通对中国资源型城市经济转型的影响

高铁作为现代社会的一种新型运输方式,是资源型城市经济转型的重要外部驱动力。基于此,以2004—2018年中国114个资源型城市的面板数据为基础,选择多期双重差分法,探讨高铁开通对中国资源型城市经济转型的影响,结果表明：总体上,高铁开通对资源型城市的产业结构转型和经济增长均具有显著的促进作用;高铁开通对资源型城市经济转型存在明显的地区异质性：高铁开通对沿海资源型城市产业结构优化具有显著的促进作用,对其经济增长影响却并不明显,而与之相比,内陆地区资源型城市产业结构优化受高铁影响并不明显,其经济增长受高铁影响比较显著;高铁开通对不同发展周期的资源型城市经济转型作用也存在异质性：高铁开通对成长再生型资源型城市产业结构优化的促进作用显著,而对成熟型、衰退型资源城市的产业结构优化作用并不明显,与之相比,高铁开通对成长再生型和成熟型资源型城市经济增长影响并不明显,而对衰退型资源型城市经济增长有显著的促进作用。