Effects of green spaces on alleviating mortality attributable to PM2.5 in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Increasing research suggested that green spaces are associated with many health benefits, but evidence for the quantitative relationship between green...     

基于突变级数法的离心泵机组安全评价模型

为研究层次分析法在安全评价中权重确定受主观因素影响较大的问题,提出将突变理论和模糊数学相结合的突变级数评价模型。模型考虑离心泵机组的结构、故障模式及人员管理等因素建立多层次评价指标体系,并结合模糊数学确定底层指标的隶属函数矩阵;利用突变级数法对各指标进行标准化和归一化处理;将底层指标隶属函数矩阵逐级量化递归得到总突变隶属矩阵。研究结果表明:此离心泵机组的最大总突变隶属函数值达到了0.961 9,即为“良好”。但同时也发现第一级与第二级相差不大,说明只要采取一定的安全措施,就可提高此离心泵的安全性。分析结果与实际情况相符合。     

壳聚糖包覆微胶囊红磷的制备及性能表征

目的 降低红磷(RP)烟火剂的吸湿率及感度,以此提高其使用过程中的安全性能.方法 以生物基材料壳聚糖(CS)为囊壳结构,采用高效简便的工艺,制备壳聚糖包覆微胶囊红磷(CSRP),对CSRP进行红外光谱测试(FTIR)、X射线电子能谱分析(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试及热重(TG)测试,并对RP及CSRP进行吸...     

双酚A对青岛大扁藻的干扰效应

为了探讨双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)对海洋微藻的生态毒性效应,实验选择了以青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolanidica)作为受试物种,设置6个实验浓度(即0、2、4、6、8、10 mg·L-1)对微藻进行了96 h暴露处理,测定了不同浓度暴露下对青岛大扁藻的生长以及抗氧化系统酶活性等指标。研究结果表明,BPA对青岛大扁藻的96h-EC50为9.32 mg·L-1,属高毒类污染物。青岛大扁藻经过BPA暴露处理后,细胞密度下降,细胞色素含量降低,并且呈现明显的剂量-效应关系;细胞抗氧化系统中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性均受到干扰。     

恩平市2006年生态足迹计算与分析

位于广东省西南部的恩平市,是珠江三角洲经济较为落后的地区,生态环境较好,为珠三角起着生态屏障、后花园的作用。应用生态足迹理论对恩平2006年的生态足迹进行了实证计算和分析,结果表明,恩平市的人均生态足迹需求为1．5632hm2／cap,生态承载力在扣除12％后为0．32032hm2／cap,人均生态赤字为1．2429hm2／cap。表明该地区的资源利用效率较低,现有的消费量已超出了自然系统的再生产能力,针对恩平实际情况,需要调整产业结构、提高能源利用效率,树立科学发展观等。     

广州市臭氧污染溯源:基于拉格朗日光化学轨迹模型的案例分析

分析了2018年10月初广州市一次为期6 d的臭氧污染事件,利用拉格朗日光化学轨迹模型对广州市的臭氧污染进行了溯源分析,量化了不同区域对臭氧污染的贡献,评估了重点排放区域不同行业和不同前体物减排对臭氧污染控制的效果.结果表明,本次污染事件期间,日最大8 h臭氧均值均超过160 μg·m^-3,最高达271 μg·m^-3,氮氧化物（NO_x）和挥发性有机物（VOCs）的平均浓度为（77.7±42.8）μg·m^-3和（71.9±56.2）μg·m^-3.芳香烃和烯烃是主要的VOCs反应活性物种,分别贡献了38%和30%的·OH反应活性以及51%和16%的臭氧生成潜势.本次臭氧污染事件主要受3类气团输送影响,3类气团中的高排放区域分别为广东省外、广东省内和广州市本地,在高排放区域中臭氧生成均受VOCs控制.途经区域前体物减排的敏感性分析表明,减排VOCs对于降低臭氧浓度的效果优于减排NO_x.在100%减排情况下控制高排放区域的交通源排放对广州市臭氧控制的效果（臭氧降低14.6%~21.0%）高于控制工业（8.4%~15.3%）、电厂（0.9%~6.2%）和民用源（2.3%~4.7%）的排放,但单独控制交通源在小于90%减排比例下对臭氧污染控制的效果并不显著（<10%）.此外,珠江三角洲地区的生物源排放也对臭氧生成有重要贡献,在模型中关闭生物源排放后,广州市臭氧浓度降低6%~19%.本研究证实了拉格朗日光化学轨迹模型在区域臭氧污染溯源的应用效果,并为广州市臭氧污染的区域协同控制提供了对策建议.     

Cobalt exposure in relation to cardiovascular disease in the United States general population

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cobalt exposure has adverse health effects on the cardiovascular system in occupational and laboratory studies, but these effects have not been...     

Exploring the influencing factors of carbon neutralization in Chinese manufacturing enterprises

One of the key issues facing the government in achieving carbon neutrality is what methods can be used to effectively reduce carbon emissions. Taking manufacturing enterprises as an example, this paper studies the carbon emission reduction effects of green technology innovation subsidy (GIS), carbon tax (CT), and carbon emission trading (CET). Under the background of social welfare and carbon emission reduction efficiency, we get the results of optimal carbon emission reduction measures in different environments. The results are as follows: (1) In the initial and mature stage of green technology innovation, GIS is the best choice to improve the degree of green manufacturing and maximize social welfare. CT and CET are the best choice to obtain the highest SE (carbon emission reduction efficiency). (2) In the transitional stage, CET and CT can promote the maturity of green technology. However, with the maturity of green technology, the promotion of green technology has weakened. CT is the best choice to achieve the highest SE. (3) When the carbon tax or carbon trading price is at a high or low level, raising the tax rate or carbon trading price can increase the income of enterprises. Therefore, the government should take measures according to the objectives of different stages. When the goal is to maximize social benefits, GIS is the best choice in the initial stage and transition stage, and CET or CT is the best choice in the transition stage. In the initial stage and fertilization stage, when the highest SE, CT, or CET is the best choice, while in the transition stage, CT is the best choice.

     

硫化氢气体快速检测方法研究

研究了快速监测硫化氢气体的新方法——硫化氢被动式检气管方法。该法是基于气体分子扩散(Fick)定律和化学吸收原理,将检气管内的海棉载体涂渍上对硫化氢有特效的显色剂(缓冲液G和醋酸铅)。测定时,硫化氢通过检气管端口扩散进入管内,在经过载体时,与载体上的显色剂发生反应,从而产生明显的颜色变化(浅黄色变成棕黑色)。检气管显色长度的平方与硫化氢质量浓度及采样时间的乘积在50~1500mg·m-3范围内成线性关系,从而快速监测环境中硫化氢的时间加权平均质量浓度。该检气管集采样与分析为一体,可快速测定硫化氢气体的质量浓度。与传统的采样分析方法比较,该检气管结构简单,操作方便,不受被测环境的空间大小、有无电源等影响;携带方便,利于外出测定和大面积布点测定。经过应用实验表明,该检气管具有较高的灵敏度,达到设计要求。     

Characterization of VOC emissions from construction machinery and river ships in the Pearl River Delta of China

Speciated characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), from construction machinery and river ships in China is currently lacking. In this regard, we conducted field measurement on speciated VOC (including OVOC) emissions from six construction machinery and five river ships in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region to identify VOC emission characteristics. We noticed that OVOC emissions from construction machinery and ships accounted for more than 50% of the total VOC emissions, followed by alkenes, aromatics and alkanes. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most emission species, accounting for 61.8%-83.2% of OVOCs. For construction machinery, the fuel-based emission factors of roller, grader and pile driver were 3.12, 3.12 and 7.36 g/kg, respectively. With the rigorous restraint by the national emission standards, VOC emissions of construction machinery had decreased considerably, especially during stage Ⅲ. Ozone formation potential was also significantly reduced due to the significant decrease in emissions of OVOCs and alkenes with higher reactivity. For river ships, the fuel-based emission factors of cargo ships and speedboat were 1.46 and 0.44 g/kg, respectively. VOC emissions from construction machinery and river ships in Guangdong Province in 2017 were 8851.0 and 4361.0 ton, respectively. This study filled the knowledge gaps of reactive gas emissions from different kinds of non-road mobile sources over the PRD, and more importantly, highlighted the necessity in adding OVOC measurement to give a complete and accurate depiction of reactive gas emissions from non-road mobile sources.