Joint representation of physical locations and volatile organic compounds in indoor air from a healthy and a sick building

Many modern, energy-efficient buildings have been labeled “sick”, in view of the fact that their occupants display an unusually large number of sensory symptoms (e.g. eye irritation, dry skin and perception of persistent odors). Air samples were taken from locations (17) in two Stockholm preschools, one considered healthy, the other, sick. The samples (170) were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and 33 volatile organic compounds were identified and quantified by GC peak heights. The relationship between chemicals and locations in the two preschools was represented spatially by correspondence analysis and other statistical techniques. The analyses clearly distinguish among the buildings and among locations within each building, including whether the sample was collected outdoors or indoors. Within the sick preschool, concentrations of light aromatic hydrocarbons increased with distance from the air supply, but there was no similar gradient in the healthy preschool. The chief results obtained by the comparatively new method of correspondence analysis are supported further by a discriminant analysis and a principal components analysis.     

重金属污染土壤稳定化修复效果评估方法分析

重金属是工业生产的废弃物,可随着雨水渗透至低处,通过在植物体内聚集停留于土壤,导致土壤退化,农作物品质降低。同时,还会污染地下水,恶化水文环境,威胁人类生命。本文首先分析了重金属污染土壤的来源和现状,然后分析了重金属污染土壤的特点和危害,最后探讨了污染土壤稳定化修复效果的评估方法和二次污染防治,以供参考。     

Effect of cold exposure and capsaicin on the expression of histone acetylation and Toll-like receptors in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Previous studies have indicated that capsaicin-rich diet and cold weather have shown strong association with tumor incidence. Thus, we investigated...     

市政污泥接种焦化废水好氧降解能力及微生物群落演替的响应分析

焦化废水是毒性很大的典型工业废水,生物处理过程中需要微生物具备很强的适应能力.以探讨焦化废水对微生物的毒性抑制以及微生物对焦化废水的适应过程为目的,通过于焦化废水原水中接种市政污泥,在考察COD、苯酚、氨氮和硫氰化物等主要污染物指标降解的基础上,运用Illumina高通量测序平台分析降解过程微生物群落组成及多样性变化的响应关系.结果表明,接种了市政污泥的焦化废水培养16 h后COD开始下降,40 h时苯酚降解了97.14%,72 h时硫氰化物开始降解,96 h时硫氰化物浓度低于检测限,氨氮浓度随着硫氰化物的降解而升高.群落测序分析表明,不同培养阶段污泥中微生物表现出群落结构及丰度上的差异:在苯酚降解阶段,苯酚优势降解菌Acinetobacter、Pseudomonas的丰度增大,48 h总相对丰度为13.04%;在硫氰化物降解阶段,Sphingobacterium、Brevundimonas、Lysobacter、Chryseobacterium为主导菌属,96 h时其总相对丰度为16.13%;在144 h阶段,优势菌属则变为Fluviicola、Stenotrophomonas和Thiobacillus,总相对丰度为22.45%.由此认为,市政污泥克服了焦化废水中毒性成分的抑制作用之后能迅速适应环境,表现出微生物群落结构随着废水降解成分的变化而改变,环境因子和降解功能菌之间的竞争是群落结构演变的主要因素.     

The collection efficiency of directional dust gauges

The results of a theoretical study into the collection efficiency of directional dust gauges are presented. A simple mathematical model has been developed which enables the basic features of the variation of the collection efficiency with particle and wind characteristics to be identified. The model, which clearly demonstrates the strong directionality of the gauge, indicates that the data from each cylinder may be considered independently for the purposes of analysis. This means that it should now be possible to both isolate air pollution sources and to provide indications of the strength and character of their emissions.     

硫化氢气体快速检测方法研究

研究了快速监测硫化氢气体的新方法——硫化氢被动式检气管方法。该法是基于气体分子扩散(Fick)定律和化学吸收原理,将检气管内的海棉载体涂渍上对硫化氢有特效的显色剂(缓冲液G和醋酸铅)。测定时,硫化氢通过检气管端口扩散进入管内,在经过载体时,与载体上的显色剂发生反应,从而产生明显的颜色变化(浅黄色变成棕黑色)。检气管显色长度的平方与硫化氢质量浓度及采样时间的乘积在50~1500mg·m-3范围内成线性关系,从而快速监测环境中硫化氢的时间加权平均质量浓度。该检气管集采样与分析为一体,可快速测定硫化氢气体的质量浓度。与传统的采样分析方法比较,该检气管结构简单,操作方便,不受被测环境的空间大小、有无电源等影响;携带方便,利于外出测定和大面积布点测定。经过应用实验表明,该检气管具有较高的灵敏度,达到设计要求。     

江苏省浅水湖泊表层沉积物重金属GIS空间分布及生态风险评价

为了解江苏省内浅水湖泊表层沉积物中重金属污染情况,对该省内11个湖泊表层沉积物进行采样,测定了As、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni这6种重金属的含量.利用GIS对重金属进行空间分布分析,并采用地累积指数法、改进的污染指数法、污染负荷法和潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物中重金属污染情况进行评价.结果表明,研究湖泊表层沉积物中,As、Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Ni平均含量占江苏省土壤背景值的倍数分别为1.74~3.85、0.65~2.66、0.48~3.56、0.43~1.52、0.02~1.49和0.12~1.42,根据地累积指数法和潜在生态风险单项金属评价结果,As为主要污染物,不仅富集程度高而且具有较大的潜在生态风险,Cu次之,其余几种重金属污染程度相对较轻.综合几种评价方法的结果,三氿湖、高邮湖、邵伯湖表层沉积物中重金属污染情况相对最严重,污染负荷最大,潜在生态风险达到中等程度;滆湖、白马湖、洪泽湖表层沉积物中部分区域存在某些金属的污染,整体污染有加重趋势,沉积物中重金属污染负荷较大,潜在生态风险达到中等程度;其余5个湖泊,沉积物受重金属污染的风险以及污染负荷均较小,整体为无污染状态.     

两种接触氧化填料处理洗涤剂废水的比较

以某日化企业在生产过程中产生的洗涤剂废水为处理对象,以接触氧化法为核心工艺,比较了悬挂式组合填料和移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)悬浮填料对洗涤剂废水的处理效果。实验结果表明:悬挂式组合填料和MBBR悬浮填料的挂膜启动时间分别为13,25 d;当悬挂式组合填料反应器的DO为4.0 mg/L时,COD和LAS的去除率分别为84.33%和89.06%;当MBBR悬浮填料反应器的DO为3.0 mg/L时,COD和LAS的去除率分别为82.54%和90.31%;当MBBR悬浮填料反应器的COD容积负荷为0.5~1.3 kg/(m3·d)时,平均COD去除率为83.91%,继续增大COD容积负荷,COD去除率仍能保持在80%以上;MBBR悬浮填料在COD的高效降解及高浓度有机废水的处理方面优于悬挂式组合填料。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定废水中5种喹诺酮类抗生素

建立高浓度有机废水中5种喹诺酮类抗生素的高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。水样经HLB固相萃取小柱富集净化,12 ml甲醇洗脱、浓缩并加入内标溶液后,定容至1 mL待测。以C18柱为分离柱,含0.01%甲酸的甲醇-含0.01%甲酸的水溶液为流动相,目标物质在10 min内分离。在0.25~1 250 ng/mL范围内,目标物质线性关系良好(R20.99)。基质加标试验结果表明,纯水中的回收率为61.40%~91.92%,废水中的回收率为54.92%~101.87%,检出限为0.25~2.5 ng/L,方法定量限为0.36~3.99 ng/L。应用该方法对21家猪场的64份废水样品进行分析,5种喹诺酮类抗生素的检出频率为47%~95%,平均检出浓度为980~5 734 ng/L。该方法快速、准确,适用于高浓度有机废水中喹诺酮类抗生素的同时测定。