邻苯二甲酸二甲酯对植物-活性污泥复合系统的影响及其去除研究

为探索植物-活性污泥复合系统(vegetation-activated sludge process,V-ASP)对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(dimethyl phthalate,DMP)的去除效果,设置了50 mg/L、5 mg/L、500 μg/L、50 μg/L、0 μg/L 5个进水浓度梯度的DMP,考察V-ASP中常规污染物出水浓度、植物和微生物菌群的变化,以及其对DMP的去除作用。结果表明:DMP对V-ASP去除常规污染物的影响不大,仅在DMP浓度≥500 μg/L时可提升V-ASP对TN的去除效果。进水浓度DMP为50 mg/L、5 mg/L、500 μg/L和50 μg/L时在V-ASP中的去除率分别为99.97%、99.51%、94.19%和83.68%。DMP在V-ASP中的主要去除途径为微生物分解代谢,植物吸收占比不超过1.12%。当进水DMP浓度达到5 mg/L时,V-ASP中植物生长受到明显抑制。高通量测序结果显示,DMP会对V-ASP中活性污泥和根际污泥的微生物多样性产生一定影响。微生物群落中Proteobacteria(变形菌门)的相对丰度最高,Rhodococcus(红球菌属)的相对丰度随DMP浓度的升高而增加。     

Effects of mangrove plant species on accumulation of heavy metals in sediment in a heavily polluted mangrove swamp in Pearl River Estuary,China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The present study compared accumulation of heavy metals in a mangrove swamp dominated by Kandelia obovata with that by Sonneratia apetala in Pearl River...     

深圳市夏季臭氧污染研究

以2009年8月为例分析了深圳市夏季臭氧污染情况及污染气象特征,基于二维空气质量模式对臭氧污染控制进行数值模拟. 结果表明:深圳市８月各监测点均存在臭氧超标现象,污染形势严峻;副热带高压控制和热带气旋外围下沉气流是造成夏季出现高浓度臭氧的主要天气过程,此时大气边界层混合层高度在500～800 m,且近地面风速约在5 ms以内,不利于污染物扩散;臭氧的生成受前体物挥发性有机物(VOC)和氮氧化物(NO_x)排放的共同影响,其中VOC排放的影响较大,深圳市臭氧控制应以降低VOC排放量为重点,模拟得出对VOC和NO_x按25∶1～40∶1的比例协同减排可有效降低臭氧污染.      

深圳市酸雨变化特征及形成原因分析

深圳市长年属于较重酸雨区,对城市生态带来重要影响,酸雨污染已经成为当前迫切需要解决的环境问题。为了了解近年来深圳市降水的变化特征及污染状况,利用2001—-2011年的降水监测数据,分析了降水酸化程度及化学组分特征,探讨了致酸原因,’为酸雨污染控制对策制定提供基础依据。研究结果表明,深圳市酸雨污染在2004--2006年达到较高水平（降水pH值4,49～4．59）,2007年以来明显有所改善（降水pH值4．73～5．02）,酸雨频率也显著降低。在时间变化上呈现夏季酸雨污染相对较严重,在空间变化上表现出宝安区和龙岗区酸雨污染相对较轻。相对于北京等城市,深圳市降水中离子浓度较低,同时大气中污染物浓度也较低,表明深圳市降水比较清洁,但由于大气中碱性物质含量较低,导致降水酸性较强。深圳市近年降水[SO42-]／[NO3-]的比值不断下降并低于2,硫酸硝酸混合型酸雨特征明显,表明机动车对降水酸性的影响不断增强。Cl-和Na＋对降水阴阳离子的贡献较高（分别达到24％和30％）,反映降水受海洋的影响较大。深圳与广州、东莞、佛山等城市的降水酸度和酸雨频率变化趋势较为一致,区域传输对酸雨形成也有重要影响。     

对市政水环境综合治理的思考

市政水环境关系到城市生活的方方面面,更关系到市民的身体健康状况,可以说市政水环境是城市功能能否正常运转的关键因素之一,所以,市政水环境的综合治理工作是市政工作的重点之一。在此,笔者就市政水环境的综合治理进行探讨。     

甲亚胺H-酸分光光度法测定固体废弃物中的硼

摘要：采用不同浸提剂对固体废物中的硼进行浸提并用甲亚胺-H酸分光光度法进行分析,结果袁明,pH=2．64±0．05的冰醋酸水溶液提取率最高。探讨了显色时间、pH值和金属离子等主要因素对测定的影响,选择了最佳实验条件,加标回收率在87％～103％之间：通过与ICP-AES方法比对结果表明,该方法准确可靠。     

Assessment of the consequences of the radioactive contamination of aquatic media and biota for the Chernobyl NPP cooling pond: model testing using Chernobyl data

The ‘Cooling Pond’ scenario was designed to test models for radioactive contamination of aquatic ecosystems, based on data from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant cooling pond, which was heavily contaminated in 1986 as a result of the reactor accident. The calculation tasks include (a) reconstruction of the dynamics of radionuclide transfer and bioaccumulation in aquatic media and biota following the accident; (b) assessment of doses to aquatic biota; and (c) assessment of potential doses and radiation risks to humans from consumption of contaminated fish. Calculations for the Scenario were performed by 19 participants using 6 different models: LAKECO-B (Netherlands); LAKEPOND (Romania); POSOD (USA); WATER, GIDRO and ECOMOD-W (Russia). For all endpoints, model predictions were compared with the test data, which were derived from the results of direct measurements and independent dose estimates based on measurements. Most of the models gave satisfactory agreement for some portions of the test data, although very few participants obtained good agreement with all criteria for model testing. The greatest level of difficulty was with the prediction of non-equilibrium radioecological processes in the first year after the accident (1986). The calculations 5 for this scenario gave modellers a unique opportunity to test their models using an independent data base and to analyse the advantages and weaknesses of different model approaches. The use of post-Chernobyl data in such a scenario is also recommended for use in training students in the field of radioecology and environmental protection.     

新时代城市土壤环境监测点位布设应用的研究分析

新时期城市构造呈现多样性,加上城市化、工业化发展迅猛,城市的演变日新月异,如何对城市土壤环境监测点位布设的方法进行取舍是十分关键的,本文详细介绍了城市土壤环境监测点位布设的方法以及其应用的研究分析,希望能为我国城市土壤环境监测的相关研究提供参考。     

Spatial and historical trends in acidic deposition: A graphical intersite comparison

Precipitation chemistry from different regions of the Continental United States is characterized in terms of a graph of annual mean μ (+) vs μ(−), where μ (+) = Ca²⁺ +Mg⁺² + NH⁺₄ + K⁺ and Na⁺,and σ (−) = SO²⁻₄ + NO ⁻₃ + Cl⁻; concentrations are given in μeq. ℓ⁻¹. Sites receiving acid precipitation (pH < 4.5) tend to lie below a slope of 0.5 on such a graph, whereas sites that receive a (H⁺) < 31.6 μeq. ℓ⁻¹ (i.e pH > 4.5) tend to cluster near a line of slope one. Four regions. North Central (Minnesota, Wisconsin), Midwest (Illinois, Ohio), East Central (North Carolina, Virginia), and North East (Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine) are presented as areas in terms of minimum and maximum μ (+) and μ (−) values. Seasonal variations of μ (+) and σ (−) tend to occur along lines of constant slope within these regions. The results from the last decade have been compared with the few measurements from the 1950s. Although one possible interpretation from this comparison is that σ(−) has increased in one or more of the regions considered, this view is tempered by the inherent difficulty in comparing single sites with regions.     

垃圾渗滤液处理工艺及发展趋势探讨

分析了当前国内外几种渗滤液处理技术中存在的问题,以及渗滤液处理技术的发展方向。指出渗滤液处理技术应根据工程建设要求,并将渗滤液处理系统与垃圾焚烧系统结合起来确定,今后的发展方向和研究重点应放在渗滤液处理系统中的污泥处理系统、沼气净化及利用系统、膜系统浓缩液处理系统上。