运行方式对人工快渗系统水质净化效果的影响

以天然砂作为主要渗滤介质,建立污水处理人工快速渗滤系统(CRI).分别以洗浴污水、生活污水和受污染河水作为研究对象,在相同的水力负荷条件下,用两种不同的运行方式(定期投配一定量的污水、淹水和落干交替运行)对不同水质的污染物去除效果进行了对比研究.结果表明,通过缩短淹水周期,加大系统淹水和落干的频率,可以明显改善CRI系统的污染物去除效果.     

分析钛管冷凝除湿技术在燃煤电厂烟羽治理中的应用实例

目前消除"有色烟羽"主要采用MGGH、GGH等烟气再热技术,这些技术只是通过提高烟气扩散消除"有色烟羽"的视觉感受,但不能减少污染物和水汽的排放。本文介绍了一种钛管冷凝除湿技术在某300MW循环流化床机组"烟羽治理"中的实际应用,并对冷凝除湿过程中烟气水回收、污染物协同治理等效果进行分析,最终实现节水及污染物协同减排的目的。     

两株镉抗性奇异变形杆菌对龙葵修复镉污染土壤的强化作用

以广东省大宝山尾矿区植物根际土壤为分离样品,人工制备镉污染LB培养基,从中分离筛选出2株具有较强镉耐受能力的细菌,分别为TL3和DBS2,最高镉耐受浓度达300mg／L。结合其形态学特征、生理生化特性及16SrDNA序列分析,初步确定2株菌均为奇异变形杆菌（Proteusmirabilis）。随后以龙葵为实验植株,分别接种TL3、DBS2及TL3与DBS2混菌的培养液,通过盆栽实验检验2株菌对龙葵吸收土壤中镉的强化作用。结果显示,2株菌对龙葵吸收镉具有显著的提升作用,且能够促进植株的生长,3个实验组龙葵根部镉含量分别比对照组（122．7mg／kg）增加了17．2％、85．6％和130．1％。     

树脂-气升式环流生物反应器的脱氮性能

为了提高废水生物处理过程的脱氮性能,设计了树脂-气升式环流生物反应器,通过实验考察了该反应器连续抗氨氮冲击的能力,并验证了反应器中吸附铵离子的强酸阳离子树脂生物再生的可行性,分析了生物再生机理。结果表明,原水中铵离子之外的阳离子的存在是实现树脂生物再生的关键。     

Citrobacter sp.CK3对活性红KN-3B的脱色反应动力学研究

采用脱色菌Citrobacter sp. CK3,以活性红KN-3B染料为处理对象,在厌氧批式反应条件下,系统考察了pH值,温度和染料浓度对脱色反应速度的影响;通过动力学模拟及反应过程中染料的UV-Vis扫描图分析,探讨了脱色反应机理。结果表明:Citrobacter sp. CK3对活性红KN-3B的脱色反应的适宜pH为7～9;脱色反应速度在温度为32℃时达到最大。染料初浓度从57 mg/L逐渐增大到458 mg/L时脱色率逐渐降低。脱色过程中染料的偶氮键发生断裂,脱色反应符合二级反应动力学。     

Classification of residential exposure to nitrogen dioxide

In epidemiological studies of indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) reported to date, only a limited number of measurements were made to estimate personal exposures. The accuracy of exposure estimates depends on the measurement error inherent in the samplers and in the sampling scheme. If categorical measures of exposure are used, the consequences of measurement error vary with classification rules. The effects of alternative measurement strategies on exposure classification were evaluated using NO₂ diffusion sampler measurements from 653 residences with gas cooking ranges. A time-series of consecutive 2-week integrated measurements was obtained for each home. During the winter season, the standard deviation was 26% of the mean. The probability of misclassification, a function of the mean and the standard deviation per home, was examined for three concentration classes (<25, 25–50, ⩾50 ppb). The average probability of misclassification was 10% for three 2-week integrated measurements across the winter and decreased to under 5% for continuous sampling (i.e. 13 consecutive 2-week samples). The sensitivity and predictive value were improved by increasing the number of samples obtained. The misclassification is determined by the number of concentration classes and by the relationship of class boundaries to the distribution of true means.     

Promoting factors and early indicators of a successful product panel

Product panels are presented as a promising method to find solutions for environmental problems arising from specific product groups. These panels consist of representatives of manufacturers, retail, research, environmental and consumer administration, recycling, and various other stakeholders who work together in the panel to draft plans of action aiming at improvements in the environmental characteristics of products and services, and promotion for environmentally sound products and services in the various markets.The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that promote successful panel work as based on the experiences from the Danish and Finnish product panels. In addition, we aim at finding several indicators in panel work that can help lead to successful results already in the early phase and, on the other hand, help to recognize panels that will be ineffective from the viewpoint of environmental policy. We also describe how the findings from the Danish and Finnish textile panels were applied to a new product panel in Finland dealing with furniture and how this panel has started its work.The paper is based on existing material about the three panels, including reports and websites of the Danish product panels and the Finnish Furniture panel. In addition, unpublished memos of the meetings of the three panels have been studied. An evaluation report of the Danish panels was very useful for the discussion of the findings. The authors have also participated in the furniture panel as a member and a secretary.Experiences from the Danish textile panel and some early results of the Finnish furniture panel indicate that, under the right conditions, gathering stakeholders from the whole product chain and administration into a panel can be an efficient way to promote the market for greener products and thus, can serve as a tool for integrated product policy. Key success factors include the basic idea, committed people and openness of the product panels. It is also important that the initiator give some guidance in the form of schedule, action plan and some preset objectives.