石化公司含油污水预处理涡凹气浮系统的应用

介绍了涡凹气浮系统的基本原理、基本结构和基本参数,以及与溶气气浮相比具有的运行效果稳定、能耗低、操作方便等特点。某石油化工公司在传统隔油池后采用涡凹气浮系统作为生化处理的预处理工艺,并根据夏季和冬季涡凹气浮系统进水水质的波动性,采取一定的保养和维护措施以保证系统高效、稳定运行,取得了良好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。     

深圳市餐饮油烟醛酮类化合物污染特征研究

餐饮业的快速发展加剧了城市大气污染程度.对深圳市粤菜馆、茶餐厅、西餐厅、湘菜馆4种餐馆及职工食堂排放的醛酮类化合物进行采样分析,并研究其组分特征、大气化学反应活性及排放因子.结果表明,职工食堂醛酮类化合物的基准风量排放浓度最高(742.28μg·m~(-3)),茶餐厅最低(30.49μg·m~(-3)).OH消耗速率法(L_(OH))和臭氧生成潜势(OFP)分析结果表明,深圳市总醛酮L_(OH)值和OFP值最大的餐馆均为西餐厅,其值分别为26.20 s~(-1)和1063.41μg·m~(-3).各餐馆排放己醛的L_(OH)贡献率均较高,为13.10%～64.51%.甲醛为O_3生成的关键活性物质,OFP贡献率为9.29%～59.10%.以灶台数、单位时间及用油量为核算基准的排放因子中,职工食堂醛酮排放因子均最大,分别为(0.16±0.03) g·h~(-1)·stove~(-1)、(5.90±0.13) g·h~(-1)和(1.62±0.04) g·kg~(-1);茶餐厅的醛酮排放因子均最小,分别为(0.34±0.02) g·h~(-1)·stove~(-1)、(0.60±0.02) g·h~(-1)和(0.22±0.01) g·kg~(-1).结合研究结果,本研究从源头控制、净化设备的选择及运营维护等方面对深圳市餐饮油烟醛酮控制及减排提出了相关建议.     

菌株Rhodococcus sp.Chr-9和Exiguobacterium sp.Chr-43的除铬(VI)特性

为了解环境因素对生物除铬(VI)的影响,并为铬(VI)污染环境的生物强化治理提供高效菌株,采用选择培养的方法从制革废水污泥样品中分离到2株革兰氏阳性铬(VI)去除菌——Rhodococcus sp.Chr-9和Exiguobacterium sp.Chr-43.菌株Chr-9和Chr-43在25~40℃内均能够较好生长,并高效去除铬(VI),菌株Chr-9和Chr-43的最适生长pH均为7.0~9.0,菌株在pH 7.0的培养基中去除铬(VI)的效率最高.加入0.2~0.5 mol/L的NO3-、SO42-和Cl-能够促进Chr-9和Chr-43的生长以及去除铬(VI)的效率.在含铬(VI)培养基中同时接种Chr-9和Chr-43时,Chr-9促进菌株Chr-43的生长,并提高菌株去除铬(VI)的效率.研究表明,pH、温度、阴离子和环境中的其它生物对铬(VI)的去除有明显影响.     

香港内后海湾拉姆萨尔湿地表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布及来源解析

对香港内后海湾拉姆萨尔湿地红树林表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布特征进行了研究.依照采样区周边环境特征布设4个区域(SZ、SP、MF和M分别代表深圳河、山贝河、泥滩和红树林区),4个区域表层沉积物中15种美国环保局优先控制的多环芳烃浓度总量介于161.7—386.3 ng.g-1.平均值为210.2 ng.g-1,红树林区域沉积物中总量最高(386.3 ng.g-1),而泥滩内部区域沉积物中总量最低(161.7 ng.g-1).对比其时空分布,表明这些化合物主要来自于深圳河和香港的山贝河,但其含量还不会对研究区的生态构成威胁.     

Simulation of the chemical processes in a polluted irradiated atmosphere

An atmospheric chemistry model has been approximated with a system of linear differential equations for the most relevant chemical species, and the results have been compared with the original model. Formulas for the sensitivity (and apportionment) analyses are given. The computation time is greatly reduced.     

Theoretical and experimental study on the triboelectric separation of ternary plastics combination using fluidized bed

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Triboelectric separation is an efficiency and promising method to recycle waste plastics. Fluidized bed has been proved an optimal tribocharger...     

Improving disintegration and acidification of waste activated sludge by combined alkaline and microwave pretreatment

The individual alkaline or microwave pretreatment has been proved to be effective in disintegration and acidification of waste activated sludge (WAS). In this study, the effects of combined alkaline and microwave pretreatment at different pH and specific energy input (Es) on WAS disintegration were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Combined pretreatment achieved disintegration degree (DD) of 65.87% at Es of 38,400 kJ/kg TS and pH 11.0. The ANOVA further demonstrated that pH showed more significant effect on DD than Es. Anaerobic batch experiment results showed that combined pretreatment not only significantly improved volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation but also shortened the time for the highest VFAs accumulation. The maximal VFAs accumulation (1500 mg COD/L) obtained at Es of 28,800 kJ/kg TS and fermentation time of 72 h, which was about two times that of the treatment without microwave (850 mg COD/L) at 96 h. The analysis of VFAs composition showed that the VFAs mainly consisted of acetic and iso-valeric acids, accounting for 57.3–70.1% of total VFAs.     

深圳市南山区碳平衡测算研究

运用《省级温室气体清单编制指南》、《IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》和相关文献推荐方法,利用南山区能源消费数据、工业产品量、废弃物处理量、森林面积和海洋面积等基础数据,对南山区能源利用过程、工业生产过程和产品使用、废弃物处理等3大类碳源温室气体排放量以及区域森林(包括湿地)、城市绿地和海域等3大类碳汇储存量进行了测算,计算表明南山区年碳排放总量达到756.17万t,该测算为南山区未来区域碳减排提供基础数据依据。     

Fenton试剂与骨架构建体复合调理剂对污泥脱水性能的影响

将Fenton试剂与骨架构建体联用作为复合调理剂开展了污泥调理及脱水试验.结果表明,赤泥与水泥作骨架构建体调理后,污泥脱水性能和脱水液pH均优于石灰与水泥调理污泥.以污泥比阻(SRF)为评价指标,开展了Fenton反应时间、初始pH及调理剂投加量对污泥脱水性能影响的单因素试验.当Fenton反应时间为90 min,初始pH为5,水泥、赤泥、Fe²⁺和H₂O₂的投加量(以污泥干固体质量计)分别为300、300、40和32 mg·g^-1时,污泥比阻降低率可达94.25%±0.21%.在此基础上,以泥饼含水率为响应指标,利用表面响应法对调理剂投加量进行优化.结果表明,水泥、赤泥、Fe²⁺和H₂O₂的投加量分别为287、287、46和37 mg·g^-1,泥饼含水率可降至47.7%±0.8%.调理后污泥的粒径减小,比表面积增大,粘度减小,Zeta电位由负变正,说明该复合调理剂能有效地破解胞外聚合物(EPS),提高污泥脱水性能.     

A lab-scale study on heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification for nitrogen control in aquatic ecosystem

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrogen (N) loss is generally caused by denitrification under anaerobic conditions and the N loss in the heterotrophic nitrification_aerobic...