紧密型栅栏对风沙流影响的实验研究

开展了紧密型栅栏阻沙的野外观测实验,探讨栅栏对风沙流粒度组成及输沙量的影响。结果表明:受栅栏影响风沙流中大粒径沙粒含量降低,小颗粒含量增加;沙粒越过栅栏继续随气流运动的能力与其粒径相关,以0.1mm~0.075mm粒径穿越能力最强,随着粒径的增大或减小这种能力逐渐减弱;粒径1mm的沙粒则很难通过栅栏;沙粒沉积主要发生在在栅栏前端,以粒径0.1mm沙粒为主,占沉积沙土总量的80%强。     

Experimental research on methane/air explosion inhibition using ultrafine water mist containing methane oxidizing bacteria

In order to deeply understand the inhibitory effect of ultrafine water mist containing methane-oxidizing bacteria on methane explosion, a small-sized semi-closed visual experimental platform was built. Five different application mist amounts (0.7 mL, 2.1 mL, 3.5 mL, 4.9 mL, 6.3 mL) of ultrafine water mist containing methane-oxidizing bacteria on 9.5% methane explosion were studied experimentally. Ultrafine water mist was generated by the ultrasonic atomization generator, and mist size was measured by a winner319 laser particle size analyzer. During the methane explosion, a high-frequency pressure sensor collected pressure change data, and a high-speed camera recorded the flame development process. The results indicated that the maximum explosion overpressure (ΔP_max) decreased with time, and the arrival time of the maximum explosion overpressure (ΔP_max) delayed. The appearance time of the “tulip” shaped flame delayed, and the flame propagation speed decreased. The ultrafine water mist and deposition can effectively inhibit the methane explosion. The explosion suppression effect of the second step spraying water mist was better. The improvement of the explosion suppression effect of the ultrafine water mist containing methane-oxidizing bacteria was attributed to the degradation effect of the methane-oxidizing bacteria. Under long-term degradation, methane-oxidizing bacteria in water mist play a role in inhibiting methane explosion.     

跃移层风沙输运数值模拟

利用fluent软件,选用欧拉-欧拉法对跃移层风沙输运进行模拟,分析了粒径、风速对沙粒体积浓度的影响。结果表明:风沙流发育分为增长、回落和稳定3个阶段;风沙流稳定后沙粒体积浓度沿高度按层分布;输运层主要集中于地表30 cm以下;同一粒径沙粒,随着风速的增大,沙粒体积浓度最大值与最大值出现的高度增大;同一种风速下,粒径增大,体积浓度最大值减小,最大值出现的高度则增高。     

西北某粘土矿水动力弥散系数的室内测定

使用室内水平土柱吸渗法测试了西北某粘土矿水动力弥散系数,根据测定的土壤中含水量动态数据,计算了非饱和粘土的水动力弥散系数,并建立了该土壤水动力弥散系数与质量含水率之间的关系。该方法物理概念清楚,计算公式简单实用。     

压实膨润土的土水特性试验研究

回填材料是高放废物地质处置库多重屏障系统的重要组成部分,以蒙脱石为主要成分的膨润土是较理想的回填材料,研究膨润土的非饱和渗透特性,对于回填材料选材和处置库安全性评价具有重要意义。文章通过室内试验开展柯尔碱膨润土的土水特性研究,用压力膜仪实测不同干密度柯尔碱膨润土的土水特征曲线,根据柔性壁渗透仪测得的饱和导水率数据,采用Van Genuchten(1980)预测模型分别计算得到每种干密度膨润土在不同含水量及基质吸力条件下的非饱和导水率,建立了非饱和导水率与含水量、基质吸力的相关关系,对比分析干密度对曲线的影响。结果表明,干密度对柯尔碱膨润土的土水特征曲线有着明显的影响,在初始含水量相同的情况下,干密度较大的膨润土脱水速率比干密度较小的膨润土脱水速率慢,表现出较高的持水性能。柯尔碱膨润土的非饱和导水率随含水量减小和基质吸力增大皆呈非线性降低,干密度越小,非饱和导水率越大。