Cultivation modes and deficit irrigation strategies to improve 13C carbon isotope,photosynthesis, and winter wheat productivity in semi-arid regions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Determining the effect of ridge-furrow cultivation mode on 13C carbon isotope discrimination, photosynthetic capacity, and leaf gas exchange...     

Performance of Streptomyces pactum–assisted phytoextraction of Cd and Pb: in view of soil properties,element bioavailability,and phytoextraction indices

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microbe-assisted phytoremediation provides an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach to reclaim Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils. In this work,...     

Nutrient recycling during the decomposition of apple leaves (Malus domestica) and mowed grasses in an orchard

Each year, significant fractions of nutrients absorbed by trees and orchard grasses, return to the soil by abscised leaves and mowed biomass. Using litter bag technique and labelled (¹⁵N) litter, we assessed the decay dynamics and the related nutrient releases in a mature, drip irrigated, apple (Malus domestica) orchard located in the Eastern Po Valley (Italy) on a silty clay loam soil. Litter bags containing abscised apple leaves were placed in December 2001 on the soil surface and collected over a 2-year period, while the decomposition of perennial ryegrass was studied over a 6-month period from May 2002. The dynamics of mass and C losses from decomposing apple leaves fitted to a single exponential decay model. At 1 year from their placement, about 50% of original mass was lost, while and additional 20% was not recovered in the second year. Initial C losses were not accompanied by degradation of cellulose which started only in the spring of the year after their placement on the soil. Along with the decomposition process, the remaining litter was progressively enriched in lignin-like compounds. Net N and S immobilization occurred during the winter–spring period and net release of these nutrients occurred only in the second year. Ryegrass lost about half their mass and original N content after 6 weeks and most of sward derived N was recovered in the underneath soil volume. Both apple and ryegrass released most their initial K content during the period of decomposition. The knowledge of the dynamics of nutrient release on the orchard floor will be useful for predicting nutrient availability for tree uptake and therefore for managing amounts and dynamics of nutrient supply.     

人工湿地基质渗滤特性及净化污水效果

以细沙、细沙和碎石质量比为1：1、1：2、2：1的三种组合，以及煤渣和壤土质量比为1：1的混合物共五种基质为供试对象，通过比较测定不同基质渗透性，选择渗透性较好的基质搭配填入人工湿地模型中，测定进出水水质，研究基质对系统净化污水的效果。结果表明，渗透性对人工湿地系统净化污水有一定影响。当基质渗透性较好、孔隙率较高时，污水总磷、氨氮、以及化学需氧量去除率较高；随时间延长，各指标去除率降低，其中总磷去除率与时间有较好的线性相关。     

基于灰关联的坝地分层淤积量与侵蚀性降雨响应研究

论文在全面调查陕北黄土高原淤地坝的基础上,选取典型淤地坝挖取剖面,进行分层测量取样,利用库容曲线和实测各淤积层的厚度求得各层泥沙淤积量,根据黄土高原暴雨产沙过程原理及淤积过程降雨资料,反演各淤积层所对应的侵蚀性降雨。运用灰色关联分析法,分析计算了坝地泥沙淤积量和侵蚀性降雨的4个指标(降雨侵蚀力R、降雨量P、最大30分钟降雨强度I30、平均降雨强度I)之间的关联度。研究结果表明:侵蚀性降雨4个指标中,降雨侵蚀力R和坝地泥沙淤积量的关系最为密切,降雨量P对淤积量的影响次之,最大30分钟降雨强度I30和平均降雨强度I对淤积量的影响最小;并且建立了坝地泥沙淤积量与降雨侵蚀力R和降雨量P的二元线性回归方程。     

关中灌区农户生产投资与水费承受力研究

2000-2005年连续6年对陕西关中九大灌区800个定点农户进行入户跟踪问卷调查,结果表明,2000-2005年不计入农业税关中九大灌区平均年农业投资为4605.8元/hm²,计入农业税为5313.0元/hm²;2000-2005年农业毛收入从2000年9754.2元/hm²上升至2005年的17371.4元/hm²,6年增长了78.1%,农业净收入从2000年4944.3元/hm²上升至2005年的11317.4元/hm²,6年增长率超过了一倍。2000-2005年九大灌区水费投资平均值为854.9元/hm²,占农业投资的18.56%;2000-2005年灌区水费投资平均值逐年增长,而水费占农业投资、水费占毛收入、水费占净收入、人均水费占人均总净收入比例、人均耕地面积呈逐年下降的趋势。最后就目前农村生产中存在的问题提出了几点看法。     

黄土高原人工油松林枯枝落叶截留动态研究

用定位观测的方法研究了人工油松林枯枝落叶的截流量及其截留的动态过程。结果表明,黄土高原人工油松林枯枝落叶的截流量年均为49.3mm,截留率为12.5%。枯枝落叶截留的动态过程受大气降水和环境因子的影响较大,也与其自身湿润程度有关。在次降水过程中,其截留的过程是当降水开始时,截留量增加迅速;降水持续到一定时间后,截流量的增量变小,达到最大值后,截流量在此处上下增减。枯枝落叶截留的动态过程可用直线和正弦函数的组合描述,且该函数能揭示枯枝落叶截留的生物学特性和环境因素对其过程的影响。该模型在计算森林水文及其水土保持效应评价中有广泛的应用前景。     

河西走廊灌溉农业发展的水资源承载能力分析

论文采用模糊综合评判方法,对河西走廊灌溉农业发展的水资源承载能力进行了分析,建立了评价的数学模型。研究表明,该区水资源开发利用已近于其饱和容量,发展节水灌溉,充分提高水的利用效率,是保障和发展干旱区农业的根本出路。     

土壤可蚀性及其在侵蚀预报中的应用

土壤可蚀性是土壤侵蚀预报和土地利用规划的重要参数,国外已有物理意义明确、可操作性强、应用方便的土壤可蚀性定义和指标。国外的指标在我国不适用,而我国又没有这样的指标。在系统全面查阅和分析６０多年来已有研究成果的基础上,根据我国具体情况,提出我国土壤可蚀性指标的定义和测定方法,即在１５°坡度、２０ｍ坡长、清耕休闲地上,单位降雨侵蚀力所引起的土壤流失量。这一标准的确定对规范土壤可蚀性实验研究,促进我国土壤侵蚀预报模型的建立有重要意义     

雨强对黄土区土壤钾素径流流失的影响

通过不同雨强人工模拟冲刷试验，初步分析了雨强对黄土区土壤钾素径流的影响。结果表明，雨强(冲刷强度)增大，溶解态钾质量浓度，溶解态钾、缓效钾和速效钾流失量明显增加；在不同雨强的条件下，缓效钾、速效钾的流失量与坡度呈显著的指数函数关系；雨强对速效钾、缓效钾的富集率影响不大；雨强比坡度对缓效钾和速效钾的流失影响更大。