番茄光合荧光特性及其镉吸收对土壤镉污染的响应

为探究番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）对镉污染的修复潜力,采用土壤盆栽试验方法,研究了在土壤镉施加含量为2,4,8,16,24,48mg/kg条件下,番茄生长、光合荧光特性及其镉吸收响应特点.结果表明,在土壤中施加镉含量大于8mg/kg时,番茄叶片叶绿素含量、光合性能和荧光参数,以及生物量显著低于没有施加镉的对照（P<0.05）,表现出较强的Cd敏感性.同时,在所有镉处理中,番茄叶片对镉的富集系数（2.48~6.60）和转移系数（1.21~3.90）均大于1,表现出较强的富集能力,但经计算其土壤Cd去除率较低.因此,供试番茄品种是Cd的敏感作物,对土壤镉污染修复的潜力较小.     

移民搬迁是否加剧了山区耕地撂荒?——基于陕南三市1578户农户面板数据

山区移民搬迁是否加剧耕地撂荒关系到移民稳定性及国家粮食安全,具有重要的研究价值。基于陕西省南部地区商洛、安康、汉中3市8县（区）1578户农户调查数据,运用面板Logit和Tobit模型回归得出,移民年数对是否撂荒、撂荒面积及撂荒耕地占比在1%的水平上有正向影响;仅当移民距离超过0.5 km时,农户耕地撂荒面积及撂荒耕地占比显著增加;不同移民类型中,工程移民对耕地撂荒的影响程度最大,避灾移民影响程度最小;另外,户主特征、家庭特征、资源禀赋特征、农地流转特征显著影响了农户的耕地撂荒行为。可以得出,移民搬迁加剧了山区耕地撂荒,城镇生活的转变及务农时间机会成本的增加是耕地撂荒的主要原因。建议政府对工程移民农户进行有土安置,加大生态移民区退耕还林支持力度,扶持扶贫、避灾移民农户发展特色产业,加快农地流转信息平台建设。     

硫磺和放线菌强化植物修复土壤镉污染

为了强化耐受重金属镉（Cd）的植物包心芥菜对土壤中Cd污染的富集及转运效率,以包心芥菜为研究对象,向土壤中添加0.3%的硫磺和接种不同数量的放线菌Act12（0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0g/kg）,通过盆栽实验,研究不同处理间根际土pH值的变化规律、包心芥菜地上和地下部分Cd的积累量、植物抗氧化酶系的变化以及根系活力.结果表明：添加0.3%硫磺和2.0g/kg放线菌Act12后,根际土pH值下降最大,相比对照下降了14.5%.而添加0.3%硫磺和1.5g/kg的放线菌Act12,包心芥菜地上部分Cd的含量最高,转运系数最大,相比对照,Cd含量提高了79%,并且植物地上部分的干重最大.添加放线菌Act12对植物的抗氧化系统有积极作用,CAT、POD、SOD含量均在0.3%硫磺和1.0g/kg放线菌Act12的添加组合下达到峰值,放线菌Act12还可提高植物的根系活力,降低丙二醛的含量.综上表明,添加硫磺和放线菌Act12均可强化包心芥菜吸收土壤中Cd的能力,其中0.3%硫磺和1.5g/kg放线菌Act12的添加组合强化效果最佳.     

北方农田镉污染土壤玉米生产阈值及产区划分初探

为探究我国北方镉(Cd)污染农田中玉米安全生产的土壤阈值以及产区划分,于部分北方玉米主要产区(含不同程度Cd污染)收集了 129套点对点的土壤-玉米样品,分析了土壤理化性质与土壤、玉米籽粒Cd含量之间的相关性,利用多元线性回归法和物种敏感度分布曲线法(SSD)推导不同土壤情景下土壤Cd的生态阈值,并进行了玉米"宜产、限产、禁产"产区划分.结果表明,研究区土壤与玉米籽粒中Cd含量超标分别为99.62％和49.61％;玉米籽粒中Cd富集系数(BCF)与土壤pH、土壤有机质(SOM)、阳离子交换量(CEC)和土壤有效态Cd含量(DTPA浸提)均呈极显著相关性(P＜0.01).多元线性回归法的预测可解释因变量71.9％的变异量;基于研究区土壤特性以及参考资料,划分3种不同土壤情景分别为,情景1:6.5＜pH≤7.5,土壤 ω(SOM)=15 g·kg-1,土壤 CEC=15 cmol·kg-1;情景2:7.5＜pH＜8.5,土壤 ω(SOM)=20 g·kg-1,土壤 CEC=20 cmol·kg-1;情景3:pH≥8.5,土壤 ω(SOM)=17 g·kg-1,土壤 CEC=17 cmol.kg-1,利用 SSD 法中 Logistic 函数模型推导以上3种情景的粮食宜产区土壤Cd阈值分别为3.00、3.80和3.11 mg·kg-1;禁产区阈值为8.95、9.10和7.21 mg～kg-1,当土壤Cd含量介于宜产区阈值与禁产区阈值之间时该区域划分为粮食限产区;玉米用于饲料使用时3种情景下的饲料宜产区阈值分别为14.94、18.90和15.55 mg·kg-1,禁产区阈值分别为44.93、45.40和36.05 mg·kg-1,两者之间的区域为饲料限产区.以上方法和结果可为我国北方农田土壤的安全生产提供参考,并为土壤生态阈值的标准制定提供科学依据.     

气候变化和人类活动对东部沿海地区NDVI变化的影响分析

植被是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,特别是在人类活动密集地区,良好的植被覆盖对于维持区域生态环境稳定、增进居民生活福祉和促进社会经济可持续发展意义重大.基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)、气温、降水和太阳辐射数据,采用趋势分析、偏相关分析和残差分析等方法,探究了1982～2019年中国东部沿海地区NDVI时空变化特征及其与气候因子的关系,评估了气候因素和人类活动等非气候因素对NDVI变化的影响.结果表明：(1)1982～2019年研究区NDVI变化趋势具有明显区域性、阶段性和季节性差异,就区域平均而言,2000年以前(第一阶段)的生长季NDVI比2001年以后(第二阶段)增加更快,而两阶段春季NDVI增加速率均为各季节最快;(2)同一阶段NDVI与各气候因子的关系在不同季节存在差异,而同一季节NDVI的主要气候控制因子在不同阶段也不一致,并且NDVI与气候因子的关系具有很大空间差异.总体上,1982～2019年研究区生长季NDVI的增加与气温的持续上升关系紧密,第二阶段降水和太阳辐射的增加也产生了积极作用;(3)相比于人类活动等非气候因素的影响,气候变化对近38年来研究区生长季NDVI变化的...     

Black carbon,mass and elemental measurements of airborne particles in the village of Serowe,Botswana

Absorption of sunlight by sub-micron particles is an important factor in calculations of the radiation balance of the earth and thus in climate modelling. Carbon-containing particles are generally considered as the most important in this respect. Major sources of these particles are generally considered to be bio-mass burning and vehicle exhaust. In order to characterise size fractionated particulate matter in a rural village in Botswana with respect to light absorption and elemental content experiments were performed, in which simultaneous sampling was made with a dichotomous impactor and a laboratory-made sampler, made compatible with black carbon analysis by reflectometry. The dichotomous impactor was equipped with Teflon filters and the other sampler with glass fibre filters. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence was used for elemental analysis of both kinds of filters. It appeared that Teflon filters were the most suitable for the combination of mass-, elemental- and black carbon measurements. The black carbon content in coarse (2.5–10 μm) and fine (<2.5 μm) particles was determined separately and related to elemental content and emission source. The results show that the fine particle fraction in the aerosol has a much higher contribution of black particles than the coarse particle fraction. This observation is valid for the village in Botswana as well as for a typical industrialised city in Sweden, used as a reference location.     

蔬菜的硝态氮累积及菜地土壤的硝态氮残留

在不同季节对11类、48种蔬菜的测定表明,硝态氮含量高于325mg·kg^-1,达到4级污染水平的有20种,占调查总数的41.7%,包括全部叶菜类、部分瓜类、根菜类和葱蒜类蔬菜.其中硝态氮含量高于700mg·kg^-1,超过4级污染水平的有5种,均为叶菜类蔬菜.叶菜硝态氮累积虽为严重,但其中部分蔬菜叶片的硝态氮含量却低于3级污染水平对不同类型菜地和农田土壤的测定发现,菜地0～200cma各土层的硝态氮残留量均高于农田土壤,常年露天菜地200cm土层的硝态氮残留总量为1358.8kg·hm^-2年大棚菜田为1411.8kg·hm^-2,5年大棚则达1520.9kg·hm^-2,而一般农田仅为245.4kg·hm^-2.菜地土壤的硝态氮残留严重威胁菜区地下水环境.     

Zingiber officinale ethanolic extract attenuates oxidative stress,steroidogenic gene expression alterations,and testicular histopathology induced by sodium arsenite in male rats

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Arsenic (As) indelibly exists in the environment and may reach to a food chain. Flavors and herbs are recognized sources of natural antioxidants that...     

Immunohistochemical,histopathological, and biochemical studies of the NF-ҡB P65 marker in rat ovaries experimentally intoxicated by cadmium and the protective effect of the purslane plant extract

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study is to describe the existence of the inflammatory marker nuclear factor kappa light chain B lymphocyte protein (NF-?B P65)...     

Optimization of facility location and reallocation in an industrial plant through a multi-annual framework accounting for economic and safety issues

The industrial layout traditionally has been addressed accounting for the facilities distribution and installation since the first day of operation of the plant; this is, without considering future expansions that involve additional facilities in the future operation years. This way, this paper proposes a mathematical programming formulation for the optimal facility sitting and reallocation in an industry accounting for future expansions and involving simultaneously economic and safety objectives. The proposed formulation is based on a multi-annual framework and this corresponds to a multi-objective mixed integer linear programming problem. The proposed optimization approach was applied to a case study for the facility sitting (office buildings and control rooms) in an ethylene oxide plant. The economic objective function involves the minimization of the total annual cost accounting for the value of the money through the time and the safety objective function involves the minimization for the accumulated risk over the operation time. Results show the applicability of the proposed approach.