试论海南岛经济开发战略构想

海南岛是我国最大的热带宝岛,自然资源丰富,天时地利优势突出,经济开发潜力大,在我国国民经济建设中具有特殊的战略地位。海南岛地处我国开放前哨,应充分利用世界经济中心转移亚太地区的有利形势,发展同外部世界的经济联系,进一步发挥内地的后盾和依托作用。明确经济开发的战略目标,研究对策和措施,加强宏观控制。严格控制人口增长,重视人才培养。设立省级体制。调整产业结构,加强基础建设。引进先进技术。改善交通和通讯。大力开发农业资源、矿产资源和能源。实行比特区更特殊的政策,海南岛的战略蓝图必将实现。     

Spatial variations in daily average CO2 concentrations above wetland surface of Xianghai National Nature Reserve, China

Horizontal and vertical variations of daily average CO2 concentration above the wetland surface were studied in Xianghai National Nature Reserve of China in August, 2000. The primary purpose was to study spatial distribution characteristics of CO2 concentration on the four levels of height(0.1 m, 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 2 m) and compare the differences of CO2 concentration under different land covers. Results showed that daily average CO2 concentration above wetland surface in Xianghai National Natural Reserve was lower than that above other wetlands in northeast China as well as the worldwide average, suggesting that Xianghai wetland absorbed CO2 in August and acted as“sink” of CO2. The horizontal variations on the four levels of height along the latitude were distinct, and had the changing tendency of“decreasing after increasing” with the increase of height. The areas with obvious variations were consistent on different levels of height,and those with the highest variations appeared above surface of shore, sloping field, Typha wetland and Phragmites wetland; the vertical variations were greatly different, with the higher variations in Phragmites wetland and Typha wetland, and the lands near the shore and the sloping field with the lower variations. Spatial variations of daily average CO2 concentrations above wet!and surface were affected by surface qualities and land covers.     

冀西北黄土丘陵沟壑区梯田地埂植物篱的固埂作用与效益分析

经对张家口地区梯田地埂植物篱的研究表明 ,其固埂作用非常显著 ,且能够改善土壤的理化性状及水分状况 ,有效地拦蓄地表径流及泥沙 ,提高作物产量 ,具有明显的经济效益 ,在当地具有很广泛的推广应用价值     

若干典型岩性区域沉积物金属元素地球化学特征比较研究

研究了４种成片分布的典型岩性（页岩、石灰岩、花岗岩、黄土）区域沉积物金属元素（Ｌｉ、Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ａｌ等共１６种）总量与形态特征．结果表明：这４种岩性区域沉积物金属元素含量与形态均有显著的差别．与其它岩性相比，黄土地区易迁移元素含量高，而重金属含量显著较低；其金属元素残渣态含量高，而有机态、铁锰氧化物态和可交换态含量低．石灰岩地区重金属含量较高，而易迁移元素如Ｎａ，Ｓｒ等含量则较低；其重金属元素残渣态含量不偏低，表明经风化作用释放出来的重金属参与了次生矿物的形成过程而得以富集．花岗岩地区重金属含量居中，而Ｆｅ和Ａｌ含量较高；其金属元素残渣态含量不偏高则与风化作用较强有关．页岩地区元素含量与形态均居中，代表了各种岩性的平均水平．     

全国污水灌溉区划

本文以地理学的观点、方法,提出了污灌区划的原则和方法。作者认为污灌区划是一种环境区划,应根据生态环境的区域分异规律和污水灌溉的要求进行分区。全国污水灌溉区划共分为两级:地区、区。全国划分为四个地区,八个区。     

Influence of conservation tillage on winter bird use of arable fields in Hungary

Bird use of conservation tillage-established (CT—seedbed preparation without soil inversion) crops was assessed at two adjacent sites in western Hungary, in comparison with conventionally established (mouldboard ploughed—P) fields. Bird abundance was assessed in a typical rotation of spring-sown maize and winter wheat in three consecutive winters. In the first winter, several species and the guild of seed-eating passerines were significantly more abundant on CT established plots, in both crop types. In the second winter, only starlings were more abundant on CT plots. In the third winter, only skylarks favoured CT over P plots. In combination with agri-environment scheme measures designed to provide resources for biodiversity, conservation tillage could play a role in softening the impact of agriculture on farmland birds in Hungary and elsewhere in Eastern Europe, in addition to its potential for reducing soil erosion and diffuse pollution.     

古尔班通古特沙漠1970-2000年代生物结皮覆盖变化研究

生物结皮是古尔班通古特沙漠主要的地表覆盖类型,也是维持其地表稳定的重要生物因子。论文利用20世纪70年代中期、80年代末期及21世纪初的遥感影像,通过生物结皮指数提取了古尔班通古特沙漠在相应时期内的生物结皮空间分布。在此基础上,分析了研究区近30年来生物结皮空间分布的变化特征;利用景观分析软件Fragstats计算了各个时期内结皮覆盖的景观指数熏并对其变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:由于新疆气候增湿、增暖明显,近30年来结皮发育良好。但由于油田开采、水利工程建设、牲畜放牧等人类活动的加强,结皮发育受到较为严重的干扰,区域内结皮斑块破碎化程度加大。     

豫西地区降水资源对旱地粮食作物产量的影响与对策

本文论述降水资源是旱地粮食作物产量的重要影响因素,揭示了豫西地区主要粮食作物的需水规律和水分盈亏规律,提出运用地理风险决策、实行适水种植的宏观对策。     

黄土高原砖窑沟试验区土壤资源与改良利用途径

本文以田间试验、定位观测和野外调查为依据，系统地研究了位于晋西北黄土丘陵区的砖窑沟试验区土壤资源特点及采用改良利用措施后的效果。结果表明，试验区土壤类型多，肥力低。低产原因主要是：土质过砂，有机质含量低，气候多灾，侵蚀严重，经济贫困。通过修建水平梯田，实施快速培肥技术；实行以有机肥与氮肥为主的优化施肥方案；蓄水保水，合理用水，提高水分生产效率等一系列措施，有效地提高了土壤肥力，改善了环境条件。根据科学试验和生产实践，提出了在该地区具有普遍意义的改土培肥途径。     

试论国家自然保护地图集的编制——以中国自然保护地图集为例

本文从自然保护角度论述了编制自然保护地图集的意义和用途,指出了自然保护地图集是专门表示保护可更新自然资源的综合性地图集,并以中国自然保护地图集为例,探讨了用地图这一研究手段和工具来推动国家自然保护事业的发展。